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<p>The rising frequency of extreme weather events driven by global climate change has created the pressing need for advanced thermal management systems. This study presents a cooling-phase change-heating (CPH) membrane inspired by the functional layering concept of down jackets, where each layer serves a distinct yet complementary role. The cooling side consists of a thermoplastic polyurethane-based fibrous membrane integrated with SiO<sub>2</sub>-encapsulated paraffin wax (PW@SiO<sub>2</sub>), which provides effective solar scattering for high reflectance and smoother thermal regulation. On the heating side, polypyrrole (PPy) is directly grown on the thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) membrane (PPy–TPU), serving as a combined photothermal and electrothermal layer for controllable heat input and rapid thermal compensation. The CPH membrane delivers a cooling power of 126&#xa0;W&#xa0;m<sup>−2</sup>, with 96.4% reflectivity and 93.7% emissivity, resulting in an average temperature reduction of 6.3&#xa0;°C assisted by heat absorption of PW@SiO<sub>2</sub>. In the heating mode, the PPy–TPU layer exhibits a solar absorptance of 97.4%, increasing the temperature by 23.7&#xa0;°C, while additional Joule heating elevates the membrane temperature to 37&#xa0;°C under a low input voltage of 4&#xa0;V. This adaptive buffering and active compensation strategy closely align with practical engineering needs for dynamic thermal regulation, promoting energy conservation and reducing reliance on traditional energy sources.</p> Graphical Abstract <p></p>

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Multifunctional Stratified Membrane Enables Integrated and Adaptive Thermal Management

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年3月23日

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  • Xin Li,
  • Zhenmin Ding,
  • Yanhua Zhang,
  • Dongqi Liu,
  • Yao Li,
  • Jiupeng Zhao

摘要

The rising frequency of extreme weather events driven by global climate change has created the pressing need for advanced thermal management systems. This study presents a cooling-phase change-heating (CPH) membrane inspired by the functional layering concept of down jackets, where each layer serves a distinct yet complementary role. The cooling side consists of a thermoplastic polyurethane-based fibrous membrane integrated with SiO2-encapsulated paraffin wax (PW@SiO2), which provides effective solar scattering for high reflectance and smoother thermal regulation. On the heating side, polypyrrole (PPy) is directly grown on the thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) membrane (PPy–TPU), serving as a combined photothermal and electrothermal layer for controllable heat input and rapid thermal compensation. The CPH membrane delivers a cooling power of 126 W m−2, with 96.4% reflectivity and 93.7% emissivity, resulting in an average temperature reduction of 6.3 °C assisted by heat absorption of PW@SiO2. In the heating mode, the PPy–TPU layer exhibits a solar absorptance of 97.4%, increasing the temperature by 23.7 °C, while additional Joule heating elevates the membrane temperature to 37 °C under a low input voltage of 4 V. This adaptive buffering and active compensation strategy closely align with practical engineering needs for dynamic thermal regulation, promoting energy conservation and reducing reliance on traditional energy sources.

Graphical Abstract