The Design of Ternary Nanofibers with Core–Shell Structure for Electromagnetic Stealthy Antenna

The exploitation of antennas with both electromagnetic stealth and efficient power transmission is of great significance in the information age. Therefore, from the perspective of multi-component composite and microtopography engineering, Ni/C@ZrO₂ ternary nanofibers are synthesized through electrospinning and subsequent carbonization. Profiting from the reasonable selection of components and exquisite micro-structure, the synergistic effect is fully developed, with the simultaneous achievement of perfect impedance matching and superior attenuation capacity. Precisely speaking, compared with carbon nanofibers and binary nanofibers, Ni/C@ZrO₂ exhibits the minimum reflection loss values of − 60.1 dB at 11.0 GHz, an ultrawide bandwidth up to 7.6 GHz at 3.3 mm, and radar cross-section values less than − 20 dBm² at most observation angles. A patch antenna with Ni/C@ZrO₂ acted as dielectric substrate is designed and displays efficient transmission efficiency, which means the theoretical feasibility of research on stealthy information transmission equipment, and enhances the competitiveness in comparison with other absorbent candidates. Hence, this study successfully prepares a high-performance electromagnetic wave absorbent, and sheds light on the future development of fibrous functional materials.