<p>Valence refers to the positive or negative quality of an emotion, feeling or mood. Much has been written about the structure of valence, particularly regarding the relationship between positive and negative valence. However, far less is known about the structure of positive valence itself. Improving our understanding of positive valence in itself is an important step towards clarifying the structure of valence more broadly. In this study, we investigated whether positive valence is best conceptualized as unidimensional (i.e., a single spectrum ranging from minimally positive to maximally positive) or multidimensional (i.e., a complex construct that accommodates multiple distinct ways an emotion can be experienced as positive). To do this, we examined the structure of positive valence through exploratory factor analyses of participants’ (<i>N</i> = 380) evaluations of positive emotions along positive aspects that served as candidate valence dimensions, as assessed through questionnaires. Across analyses of positive valence structure in both aspect space and emotion space, together with several supplementary robustness analyses, our results supported a single-factor model, suggesting a unidimensional structure in participants’ judgements of positive valence. Further, cross-validated regression models showed that this single positive valence factor accounted for variations in participants’ preference-based rankings of positive emotions better than any other factor or individual aspect, establishing predictive validity and providing further support for the unidimensionality of positive valence in participants’ judgements of positive emotional experiences. These findings constrain models of valence by reducing the plausibility of accounts that posit multiple orthogonal positive dimensions.</p>