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<p>Land-use systems strongly influence soil biochemical functioning and gaseous carbon and nitrogen losses, particularly in semi-arid calcareous Vertisols, where low organic matter, high carbonate content, and water limitation constrain microbial processes. This study evaluated the effects of eight land-use systems olive, lavender, maize, cotton, pasture, pomegranate, pistachio, and rosemary on soil physicochemical properties, enzyme activities, nutrient dynamics, and cumulative CO₂, N₂O, and NH₃ emissions in the GAP region of southeastern Türkiye.&#xa0;Soil samples were collected from eight land-use types (olive, lavender, maize, cotton, pasture, pomegranate, pistachio, and rosemary) and analyzed for physicochemical properties, nutrient status, enzyme activities (catalase, urease, and dehydrogenase), and cumulative CO₂, N₂O, and NH₃ emissions under laboratory incubation.&#xa0;Land-use systems significantly affected soil biochemical and gaseous emission patterns. Organic matter ranged from 1.42% in maize and pomegranate soils to 2.26% in pasture soils. Catalase activity varied from 109.24 µmol H₂O₂ g⁻¹ h⁻¹ in maize to 388.90 µmol H₂O₂ g⁻¹ h⁻¹ in pasture, while urease activity ranged from 71.27 to 151.30&#xa0;µg NH₄–N g⁻¹ h⁻¹. Dehydrogenase activity was lowest in lavender and highest in rosemary. Cumulative CO₂ emissions ranged from 12.01 in rosemary to 24.37 in pasture soils, whereas cumulative N₂O emissions ranged from 7.10 in rosemary to 11.70 in olive soils. NH₃ losses were highest in pasture soils. Multivariate analyses indicated that enzyme activities, organic matter, and land-use intensity jointly structured greenhouse gas emission patterns.&#xa0;The results show that enzyme-mediated biochemical processes are key indicators of C and N cycling in semi-arid Vertisols. However, because emissions were measured under laboratory incubation, the findings should be interpreted as potential emission responses rather than direct field-scale annual fluxes.</p>

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Land-Use Effects on Soil Biochemical Cycling and Enzyme Activity in Semi-Arid Soils

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年7月30日

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  • Elif Didem Gülle Sakin,
  • Sema Karakas Dikilitas,
  • Vasan Almarie,
  • Ibrahim Halil Yanardag,
  • Zemzem Firat,
  • Emrah Ramazanoglu

摘要

Land-use systems strongly influence soil biochemical functioning and gaseous carbon and nitrogen losses, particularly in semi-arid calcareous Vertisols, where low organic matter, high carbonate content, and water limitation constrain microbial processes. This study evaluated the effects of eight land-use systems olive, lavender, maize, cotton, pasture, pomegranate, pistachio, and rosemary on soil physicochemical properties, enzyme activities, nutrient dynamics, and cumulative CO₂, N₂O, and NH₃ emissions in the GAP region of southeastern Türkiye. Soil samples were collected from eight land-use types (olive, lavender, maize, cotton, pasture, pomegranate, pistachio, and rosemary) and analyzed for physicochemical properties, nutrient status, enzyme activities (catalase, urease, and dehydrogenase), and cumulative CO₂, N₂O, and NH₃ emissions under laboratory incubation. Land-use systems significantly affected soil biochemical and gaseous emission patterns. Organic matter ranged from 1.42% in maize and pomegranate soils to 2.26% in pasture soils. Catalase activity varied from 109.24 µmol H₂O₂ g⁻¹ h⁻¹ in maize to 388.90 µmol H₂O₂ g⁻¹ h⁻¹ in pasture, while urease activity ranged from 71.27 to 151.30 µg NH₄–N g⁻¹ h⁻¹. Dehydrogenase activity was lowest in lavender and highest in rosemary. Cumulative CO₂ emissions ranged from 12.01 in rosemary to 24.37 in pasture soils, whereas cumulative N₂O emissions ranged from 7.10 in rosemary to 11.70 in olive soils. NH₃ losses were highest in pasture soils. Multivariate analyses indicated that enzyme activities, organic matter, and land-use intensity jointly structured greenhouse gas emission patterns. The results show that enzyme-mediated biochemical processes are key indicators of C and N cycling in semi-arid Vertisols. However, because emissions were measured under laboratory incubation, the findings should be interpreted as potential emission responses rather than direct field-scale annual fluxes.