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<p>Nitrogen actively participates in plant developmental phenomena and helps alleviate osmotic stress, as reported in many investigations. This study was conducted on pearl millet, which has a remarkable ability to survive in harsh, arid regions. Our research work is oriented around the regulatory interaction of pearl millet with nitrogen to mitigate the impact of drought. We conducted physio-biochemical and expression experiments on two pearl millet lines (RHB-234<sub>Tolerant</sub>, GHB-538<sub>Sensitive</sub>). We designed a total of six treatment setups in each line, including three nitrogen regimes (Without Nitrogen- N0, Low Nitrogen- LN, High Nitrogen-HN) and two water treatments (Well-Watered-WW, Severe Stress-SS). In this work, we observed elevated RWC (Relative water content), proline, lignin, GS (Glutamine synthetase), GOGAT (Glutamate synthase), CAT (Catalase), and SOD (Superoxide dismutase) activity and reduced MDA (Malondialdehyde), H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub> (Hydrogen peroxide)<sub>,</sub> and ammonia content under various nitrogen x drought conditions at the vegetative stage. Different drought and nitrogen indices (Water use efficiency-WUE, Drought tolerant index-DTI, Nitrogen use efficiency-NUE) also boosted in LN and HN treatments under drought. The RHB-234 genotype showed better endurance under water stress across various nitrogen regimes compared with GHB-538. The tolerant line demonstrated a balanced C/N ratio in seeds at the reproductive stage. Gene expression assay revealed mostly an upregulatory pattern in <i>UREASE, GS1, NADH-GOGAT, and P5CS (Δ-pyrroline-5-carboxylate synthase</i>) genes in N treatments (LN, HN) under the drought scenario. Our study clearly indicated that the nitrogen-treated plant (especially LN treatment) had better drought-mitigative responses. Therefore, we can assume that nitrogen plays an important role in diminishing the drought impact on pearl millet by maintaining plant photosynthetic compatibility, osmolyte accumulation, membrane stability, efficient nitrogen assimilation, and nitrogen use efficiency at the transcriptional and physio-biochemical levels.</p>

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Integrative Analysis Reveals Nitrogen-Mediated Enhancement of Plant Resilience to Drought Stress in Two Contrasting Pearl Millet (Pennisetum glaucum) Genotypes

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年7月3日

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  • Shiv Shankar Shukla,
  • Gyana Ranjan Rout,
  • Sanjib Kumar Panda

摘要

Nitrogen actively participates in plant developmental phenomena and helps alleviate osmotic stress, as reported in many investigations. This study was conducted on pearl millet, which has a remarkable ability to survive in harsh, arid regions. Our research work is oriented around the regulatory interaction of pearl millet with nitrogen to mitigate the impact of drought. We conducted physio-biochemical and expression experiments on two pearl millet lines (RHB-234Tolerant, GHB-538Sensitive). We designed a total of six treatment setups in each line, including three nitrogen regimes (Without Nitrogen- N0, Low Nitrogen- LN, High Nitrogen-HN) and two water treatments (Well-Watered-WW, Severe Stress-SS). In this work, we observed elevated RWC (Relative water content), proline, lignin, GS (Glutamine synthetase), GOGAT (Glutamate synthase), CAT (Catalase), and SOD (Superoxide dismutase) activity and reduced MDA (Malondialdehyde), H2O2 (Hydrogen peroxide), and ammonia content under various nitrogen x drought conditions at the vegetative stage. Different drought and nitrogen indices (Water use efficiency-WUE, Drought tolerant index-DTI, Nitrogen use efficiency-NUE) also boosted in LN and HN treatments under drought. The RHB-234 genotype showed better endurance under water stress across various nitrogen regimes compared with GHB-538. The tolerant line demonstrated a balanced C/N ratio in seeds at the reproductive stage. Gene expression assay revealed mostly an upregulatory pattern in UREASE, GS1, NADH-GOGAT, and P5CS (Δ-pyrroline-5-carboxylate synthase) genes in N treatments (LN, HN) under the drought scenario. Our study clearly indicated that the nitrogen-treated plant (especially LN treatment) had better drought-mitigative responses. Therefore, we can assume that nitrogen plays an important role in diminishing the drought impact on pearl millet by maintaining plant photosynthetic compatibility, osmolyte accumulation, membrane stability, efficient nitrogen assimilation, and nitrogen use efficiency at the transcriptional and physio-biochemical levels.