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<p>Mangroves have an inherent potential for heavy metal accumulation, serving as ‘green barriers’ with a remarkable capacity for phytoremediation. This study evaluates seasonal variations of heavy metals in water, sediment and tissues (pneumatophores and leaves) of <i>Sonneratia alba</i> Sm. from two urban mangrove ecosystems and assesses its phytoremediation potential using accumulation and translocation indices. Bio-water accumulation factor (BWAF), bio-sediment accumulation factor (BSAF) and translocation factor (TF) were calculated to determine the metal uptake and translocation efficiency of pneumatophores and leaves of <i>S. alba</i> from surrounding water and sediment. Significant variations in metal concentrations were observed across water, sediment and mangrove tissues. In water and sediment, Cr was the abundant non-essential metal during pre-monsoon and monsoon seasons. In sediment, Cu exceeded the ERL (Effects Range Low) and TEL (Threshold Effect Level) values of sediment quality guidelines (SQGs) during post-monsoon season. Pneumatophores showed BWAF &gt; 1 for Cr and BSAF &gt; 1 for both Cr and Cd across all seasons, while mangrove leaves exhibited high TF values for Pb and Cd. BWAF, BSAF and TF values demonstrate efficient heavy metal accumulation and translocation in both leaves and pneumatophores of <i>S. alba</i>, highlighting its potential as an effective phytoremediator in contaminated coastal environments.</p>

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Seasonal Phytoremediation Efficiency of Heavy Metals in the Mangrove Sonneratia alba from Urban Coastal Ecosystems

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年6月25日

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  • Gopika Sivan,
  • Priyaja Prabhakaran,
  • K Shameem,
  • Manu Mohan

摘要

Mangroves have an inherent potential for heavy metal accumulation, serving as ‘green barriers’ with a remarkable capacity for phytoremediation. This study evaluates seasonal variations of heavy metals in water, sediment and tissues (pneumatophores and leaves) of Sonneratia alba Sm. from two urban mangrove ecosystems and assesses its phytoremediation potential using accumulation and translocation indices. Bio-water accumulation factor (BWAF), bio-sediment accumulation factor (BSAF) and translocation factor (TF) were calculated to determine the metal uptake and translocation efficiency of pneumatophores and leaves of S. alba from surrounding water and sediment. Significant variations in metal concentrations were observed across water, sediment and mangrove tissues. In water and sediment, Cr was the abundant non-essential metal during pre-monsoon and monsoon seasons. In sediment, Cu exceeded the ERL (Effects Range Low) and TEL (Threshold Effect Level) values of sediment quality guidelines (SQGs) during post-monsoon season. Pneumatophores showed BWAF > 1 for Cr and BSAF > 1 for both Cr and Cd across all seasons, while mangrove leaves exhibited high TF values for Pb and Cd. BWAF, BSAF and TF values demonstrate efficient heavy metal accumulation and translocation in both leaves and pneumatophores of S. alba, highlighting its potential as an effective phytoremediator in contaminated coastal environments.