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<p>Soil salinization poses a significant threat to soil quality and productivity in coastal regions. However, the ways in which amelioration alters soil organic matter (SOM) biochemistry and its potential link to soil quality improvement remains largely unexplored. Herein, we used three biomarkers – lignin phenols, amino sugars, and glycoproteins – to quantify SOM characteristics from a 7-year field trial in the Yellow River Delta. Three treatments were included: control (CK), organic manure (OM), and a combination of organic manure with flue gas desulfurization gypsum (OM + FG). The results showed that OM and OM + FG increased soil organic carbon (SOC) storages by 66% and 87%, respectively, compared to CK. Applied OM and especially OM + FG had markedly higher soil macroaggregates (112–134%) and mean weight diameter of aggregates (MWD, 3.6–4.5 times) than control. These modifications were associated with increased microbial α diversity, suggesting higher bacterial and fungal Chao indices. Additionally, there was a shift towards a predominance of K-strategists, as evidenced by an elevated (Acidobacteria+Actinobacteria)/(Proteobacteria+Bacteroidetes) ratio. Moreover, OM and OM + FG increased lignin phenols by 105–165%, microbial necromass by 70–151% (with bacterial- and fungal-derived by 32–70% and 107–229%, respectively), and glomalin-related soil proteins (GRSP) by 43–155%. Relative to CK, OM and OM + FG improved soil quality index (SQI) by 93% and 106%. Random forest analysis identified soil variables such as available phosphorus and total nitrogen, microbial C-acquiring enzymes (hydrolases α-1,4-glucosidase, β-1,4-glucosidase), MWD of aggregates, microbial biomass C, and fungal necromass as the primary drivers of SQI. Collectively, the combined application of organic manure and gypsum was more effective than manure alone in improving soil quality through boosting plant and microbial-derived biomolecules, thereby offering an effective strategy for rehabilitating coastal saline soil.</p> Graphical Abstract <p></p>

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Manure and Gypsum Synergistically Boost Coastal Saline Soil Quality via Plant Lignin and Microbial Components

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年6月24日

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  • Ting Liao,
  • Yuhao Zhang,
  • Qi Miao,
  • Xiaoyang Duan,
  • Zhanlonggang Yu,
  • Siyao Xia,
  • Xiao Wang,
  • Yuquan Wei,
  • Xiaoying Jin,
  • Zhangliu Du

摘要

Soil salinization poses a significant threat to soil quality and productivity in coastal regions. However, the ways in which amelioration alters soil organic matter (SOM) biochemistry and its potential link to soil quality improvement remains largely unexplored. Herein, we used three biomarkers – lignin phenols, amino sugars, and glycoproteins – to quantify SOM characteristics from a 7-year field trial in the Yellow River Delta. Three treatments were included: control (CK), organic manure (OM), and a combination of organic manure with flue gas desulfurization gypsum (OM + FG). The results showed that OM and OM + FG increased soil organic carbon (SOC) storages by 66% and 87%, respectively, compared to CK. Applied OM and especially OM + FG had markedly higher soil macroaggregates (112–134%) and mean weight diameter of aggregates (MWD, 3.6–4.5 times) than control. These modifications were associated with increased microbial α diversity, suggesting higher bacterial and fungal Chao indices. Additionally, there was a shift towards a predominance of K-strategists, as evidenced by an elevated (Acidobacteria+Actinobacteria)/(Proteobacteria+Bacteroidetes) ratio. Moreover, OM and OM + FG increased lignin phenols by 105–165%, microbial necromass by 70–151% (with bacterial- and fungal-derived by 32–70% and 107–229%, respectively), and glomalin-related soil proteins (GRSP) by 43–155%. Relative to CK, OM and OM + FG improved soil quality index (SQI) by 93% and 106%. Random forest analysis identified soil variables such as available phosphorus and total nitrogen, microbial C-acquiring enzymes (hydrolases α-1,4-glucosidase, β-1,4-glucosidase), MWD of aggregates, microbial biomass C, and fungal necromass as the primary drivers of SQI. Collectively, the combined application of organic manure and gypsum was more effective than manure alone in improving soil quality through boosting plant and microbial-derived biomolecules, thereby offering an effective strategy for rehabilitating coastal saline soil.

Graphical Abstract