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<p>Background: Heavy metal pollution particularly Cd, is a great threat to the environment and human health. Modified biochar is a promising material for mitigating soil Cd contamination. However, Cd immobilization performance and mechanism of modified biochar in alkaline soil of coal mine wasteland receive little attention. Purpose: This study examines the remediation efficiency of modified biochars for Cd contaminated soil in coal mine sites. Methods: Modified biochars (H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub>-BC, HNO<sub>3</sub>-BC, KMnO<sub>4</sub>-BC and CaCl<sub>2</sub>-BC) were prepared and applied to Cd-contaminated soil at three ratios (1%, 2% and 3% w/w) to investigate changes in Cd fractions and the bioavailability of Cd. Results: HNO<sub>3</sub>-BC exhibited abundant acidic functional groups. The application of biochar and modified biochars decreased the exchangeable and Fe-Mn oxides bound fractions of Cd, and increased the organic and residual fractions of Cd in soil. The exchangeable Cd with high activity decreased and residual Cd fraction increased under HNO<sub>3</sub>-BC addition at a 2% ratio. The content of soil available Cd decreased under modified biochar treatments, and the largest reduction occurred with HNO<sub>3</sub>-BC addition at a 2% ratio, followed by KMnO<sub>4</sub>-BC treatment. Conclusions: Modified biochar enhanced the transformation of Cd from labile fractions to more stable forms, and HNO<sub>3</sub>-BC application achieved the optimal remediation efficacy. Functional groups on biochar surface played a vital role in immobilizing Cd through complexation. HNO<sub>3</sub>-BC could serve as an effective measure for Cd pollution remediation in degraded ecosystems, especially in alkaline soils of northern China.</p>

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Mechanism of Cd Immobilization by Modified Corn Straw Biochar in Post-Mining Land on the Loess Plateau, China

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年7月3日

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  • Lu Wang,
  • Xiuqin Jia,
  • Jinyu Yan,
  • Junqi Song,
  • Meifang Yan

摘要

Background: Heavy metal pollution particularly Cd, is a great threat to the environment and human health. Modified biochar is a promising material for mitigating soil Cd contamination. However, Cd immobilization performance and mechanism of modified biochar in alkaline soil of coal mine wasteland receive little attention. Purpose: This study examines the remediation efficiency of modified biochars for Cd contaminated soil in coal mine sites. Methods: Modified biochars (H2O2-BC, HNO3-BC, KMnO4-BC and CaCl2-BC) were prepared and applied to Cd-contaminated soil at three ratios (1%, 2% and 3% w/w) to investigate changes in Cd fractions and the bioavailability of Cd. Results: HNO3-BC exhibited abundant acidic functional groups. The application of biochar and modified biochars decreased the exchangeable and Fe-Mn oxides bound fractions of Cd, and increased the organic and residual fractions of Cd in soil. The exchangeable Cd with high activity decreased and residual Cd fraction increased under HNO3-BC addition at a 2% ratio. The content of soil available Cd decreased under modified biochar treatments, and the largest reduction occurred with HNO3-BC addition at a 2% ratio, followed by KMnO4-BC treatment. Conclusions: Modified biochar enhanced the transformation of Cd from labile fractions to more stable forms, and HNO3-BC application achieved the optimal remediation efficacy. Functional groups on biochar surface played a vital role in immobilizing Cd through complexation. HNO3-BC could serve as an effective measure for Cd pollution remediation in degraded ecosystems, especially in alkaline soils of northern China.