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<p>Contamination of soils and aquatic environments with organochlorine pesticides, particularly at former obsolete pesticide storage sites, remains a serious environmental problem. This study aimed to evaluate the potential of autochthonous cyanobacteria and microalgae isolated from a contaminated site to biodegrade α-HCH and to reduce its residual environmental toxicity. Pure cultures of <i>Oscillatoria</i> sp. KK24, <i>Chlamydomonas</i> sp. KK24, <i>Chlorella</i> sp. KK24, and <i>Scenedesmus</i> sp. KK24, as well as their consortia, were isolated from a former pesticide storage facility in Kyzylkairat village (Almaty Region, Kazakhstan). Algal growth in the presence of α-HCH was assessed using a modified U.S. EPA algal growth inhibition test combined with chlorophyll <i>a</i> fluorescence and photosynthetic efficiency measurements (FV/FM, Y(II)). α-HCH degradation was quantified by gas chromatography with an electron capture detector, while mineralization was evaluated by chloride ion release. Toxicity reduction was assessed using <i>Daphnia magna</i> bioassays. Among all tested variants, the consortium of <i>Oscillatoria</i> sp. KK24 and <i>Chlamydomonas</i> sp. KK24 exhibited the highest biodegradation efficiency. A significant decrease in α-HCH concentration was accompanied by increased Cl⁻ levels, indicating active dechlorination. Biotesting demonstrated improved survival, earlier reproduction onset, and increased fecundity of <i>D. magna</i> compared with the toxic control. The findings demonstrate that microalgal consortia are effective agents for the biodegradation of persistent organochlorine pesticides and for mitigating their ecotoxicological effects, supporting their application in environmentally friendly bioremediation strategies.</p> Graphical Abstract <p></p>

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Environmentally Friendly Bioremediation Methods of α-Hexachlorocyclohexane Using Microalgal Consortia

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年5月30日

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  • Nurziya R. Akmukhanova,
  • Sandugash N. Seiilbek,
  • Bolatkhan K. Zayadan,
  • Gulzhaina S. Domash,
  • Fariza K. Sarsekeyeva,
  • Kenzhegul Bolatkhan,
  • Makpal M. Torekhanova,
  • Amin Sukron

摘要

Contamination of soils and aquatic environments with organochlorine pesticides, particularly at former obsolete pesticide storage sites, remains a serious environmental problem. This study aimed to evaluate the potential of autochthonous cyanobacteria and microalgae isolated from a contaminated site to biodegrade α-HCH and to reduce its residual environmental toxicity. Pure cultures of Oscillatoria sp. KK24, Chlamydomonas sp. KK24, Chlorella sp. KK24, and Scenedesmus sp. KK24, as well as their consortia, were isolated from a former pesticide storage facility in Kyzylkairat village (Almaty Region, Kazakhstan). Algal growth in the presence of α-HCH was assessed using a modified U.S. EPA algal growth inhibition test combined with chlorophyll a fluorescence and photosynthetic efficiency measurements (FV/FM, Y(II)). α-HCH degradation was quantified by gas chromatography with an electron capture detector, while mineralization was evaluated by chloride ion release. Toxicity reduction was assessed using Daphnia magna bioassays. Among all tested variants, the consortium of Oscillatoria sp. KK24 and Chlamydomonas sp. KK24 exhibited the highest biodegradation efficiency. A significant decrease in α-HCH concentration was accompanied by increased Cl⁻ levels, indicating active dechlorination. Biotesting demonstrated improved survival, earlier reproduction onset, and increased fecundity of D. magna compared with the toxic control. The findings demonstrate that microalgal consortia are effective agents for the biodegradation of persistent organochlorine pesticides and for mitigating their ecotoxicological effects, supporting their application in environmentally friendly bioremediation strategies.

Graphical Abstract