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<p><b>Purpose</b>: The application of nanoparticles is increasingly recognized as a promising approach for mitigating the adverse impacts of drought stress on vegetable crops. Silicon (Si) nanoparticles (nano-Si) can be used as fertilizers to enhance growth and yield of okra (<i>Abelmoschus esculentus</i> (L.) Moench) under water-deficit conditions. The present study aimed at assessing the effects of foliar-applied nano-Si on growth, yield, physio-biochemical traits, and irrigation water productivity of okra grown under water-deficit stress. <b>Methodology</b>: In a factorial pot experiment, two okra varieties, namely Jusco (drought-tolerant) and Chia Tai (drought-sensitive), were tested in combination with four doses of nano-Si (0, 0.5, 1.0, and 2 mM) and three soil moisture regimes (50%, 75%, and 100% field capacity [FC]). <b>Result</b>: The reduction of soil moisture from 100% to 50% FC caused significant decreases in shoot dry matter (71%), root dry matter (57%), leaf relative water content (11%), net photosynthetic rate (81%), stomatal conductance (96%), fruit yield (70%), and irrigation water productivity (66%). The foliar application of nano-Si at 2 mM significantly increased shoot dry matter (12%), root dry matter (20%), leaf relative water content (13%), net photosynthetic rate (38%), stomatal conductance (63%), leaf Si content (70%), fruit yield (41%), and irrigation water productivity (33%) in comparison to the control. The effect of nano-Si in reducing electrolyte leakage, free proline content, and crop water stress index was more pronounced in the drought-sensitive variety (Chia Tai). For some parameters, 2 mM nano-Si resulted in superior crop performance at 75% FC compared with the control plants at 100% FC, highlighting its drought-mitigating potential. Fruit yield exhibited positive correlations with normalized difference vegetation index, net photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance, and transpiration rate. <b>Conclusion</b>: Overall, the results highlight that foliar application of 2 mM nano-Si improves growth and fruit yield of okra by maintaining plant water status and leaf gas exchange traits and regulating free proline accumulation. Therefore, its application can be recommended as an effective strategy in mitigating the detrimental impacts of water-deficit stress in okra.</p>

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Morpho-Physio-Biochemical Responses of Okra to Foliar-Applied Silicon Nanoparticles under Water-Deficit Stress

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年5月26日

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  • Sainam Udpuay,
  • Deepranjan Sarkar,
  • Hayat Ullah,
  • Sushil Kumar Himanshu,
  • Patchara Praseartkul,
  • Rujira Tisarum,
  • Suriyan Cha-um,
  • Avishek Datta

摘要

Purpose: The application of nanoparticles is increasingly recognized as a promising approach for mitigating the adverse impacts of drought stress on vegetable crops. Silicon (Si) nanoparticles (nano-Si) can be used as fertilizers to enhance growth and yield of okra (Abelmoschus esculentus (L.) Moench) under water-deficit conditions. The present study aimed at assessing the effects of foliar-applied nano-Si on growth, yield, physio-biochemical traits, and irrigation water productivity of okra grown under water-deficit stress. Methodology: In a factorial pot experiment, two okra varieties, namely Jusco (drought-tolerant) and Chia Tai (drought-sensitive), were tested in combination with four doses of nano-Si (0, 0.5, 1.0, and 2 mM) and three soil moisture regimes (50%, 75%, and 100% field capacity [FC]). Result: The reduction of soil moisture from 100% to 50% FC caused significant decreases in shoot dry matter (71%), root dry matter (57%), leaf relative water content (11%), net photosynthetic rate (81%), stomatal conductance (96%), fruit yield (70%), and irrigation water productivity (66%). The foliar application of nano-Si at 2 mM significantly increased shoot dry matter (12%), root dry matter (20%), leaf relative water content (13%), net photosynthetic rate (38%), stomatal conductance (63%), leaf Si content (70%), fruit yield (41%), and irrigation water productivity (33%) in comparison to the control. The effect of nano-Si in reducing electrolyte leakage, free proline content, and crop water stress index was more pronounced in the drought-sensitive variety (Chia Tai). For some parameters, 2 mM nano-Si resulted in superior crop performance at 75% FC compared with the control plants at 100% FC, highlighting its drought-mitigating potential. Fruit yield exhibited positive correlations with normalized difference vegetation index, net photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance, and transpiration rate. Conclusion: Overall, the results highlight that foliar application of 2 mM nano-Si improves growth and fruit yield of okra by maintaining plant water status and leaf gas exchange traits and regulating free proline accumulation. Therefore, its application can be recommended as an effective strategy in mitigating the detrimental impacts of water-deficit stress in okra.