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<p>Purpose. Advancing innovative approaches for nematode control is needed as an alternative to environmentally harmful nematicides from the global market. Therefore, the application of biologically synthesized nanoparticles could be an alternative nematicide that reduces the need for chemical nematicides. The current investigation aimed to control root-knot nematode (Meloidogyne incognita) using biologically synthesized chitosan-copper nanoparticles (CS-Cu NPs) under laboratory and pot conditions. Methods. CS-Cu NPs were synthesized by a biological route method. The formation of CS-Cu NPs was confirmed using some techniques such as Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR), X-Ray Diffractometer (XRD), Dynamic Light Scattering (DLS), Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), and Energy Dispersive X-ray (EDX). The nematicidal effects of CS-Cu NPs were studied for their ability to inhibit egg hatching and second-stage juveniles’ (J2s) mortality in M. incognita, as well as their influence on beetroot plants infested with this nematode. Results. All the characterization techniques, including FTIR, XRD, and SEM with EDX, proved the involvement of chitosan in CS-Cu NP synthesis. XRD confirmed the crystalline nature and DLS estimated the size of CS-Cu NPs to be 20.45 nm. The antagonistic effect of CS-Cu NPs was evaluated against M. incognita. The synthesized CS-Cu NPs were lethal to J2s and eggs of M. incognita. The dose of 100 mg L-1 after 72 h caused 98.0% juvenile death and 91.4% inhibition in egg hatching. In addition, the pot experiment showed that beetroot treated with 100 mg L-1 of CS-Cu NPs improved the growth attributes and also found changes in biochemical characteristics. Conclusions. The CS-Cu NP-treated plants enhanced the antioxidant level and reduced the nematode population.Thus, CS-Cu NPs may serve as a promising alternative for the management of root-knot disease caused by Meloidogyne incognita. However, the findings are based on in vitro and pot experiments, and further field-level studies are required to validate the effectiveness and practical applicability of CS-Cu NPs under natural environmental conditions.</p> Graphical Abstract <p></p>

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Mitigation of Root-Knot Nematode (Meloidogyne incognita) in Beta Vulgaris Through Biologically Synthesized Chitosan-Copper Nanoparticles (CS-Cu NPs)

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年5月9日

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  • Mohammad Shariq,
  • Faryad Khan,
  • Mohammad Haris,
  • Taruba Ansari,
  • Faheem Ahmad,
  • Mansoor Ahmad Siddiqui

摘要

Purpose. Advancing innovative approaches for nematode control is needed as an alternative to environmentally harmful nematicides from the global market. Therefore, the application of biologically synthesized nanoparticles could be an alternative nematicide that reduces the need for chemical nematicides. The current investigation aimed to control root-knot nematode (Meloidogyne incognita) using biologically synthesized chitosan-copper nanoparticles (CS-Cu NPs) under laboratory and pot conditions. Methods. CS-Cu NPs were synthesized by a biological route method. The formation of CS-Cu NPs was confirmed using some techniques such as Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR), X-Ray Diffractometer (XRD), Dynamic Light Scattering (DLS), Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), and Energy Dispersive X-ray (EDX). The nematicidal effects of CS-Cu NPs were studied for their ability to inhibit egg hatching and second-stage juveniles’ (J2s) mortality in M. incognita, as well as their influence on beetroot plants infested with this nematode. Results. All the characterization techniques, including FTIR, XRD, and SEM with EDX, proved the involvement of chitosan in CS-Cu NP synthesis. XRD confirmed the crystalline nature and DLS estimated the size of CS-Cu NPs to be 20.45 nm. The antagonistic effect of CS-Cu NPs was evaluated against M. incognita. The synthesized CS-Cu NPs were lethal to J2s and eggs of M. incognita. The dose of 100 mg L-1 after 72 h caused 98.0% juvenile death and 91.4% inhibition in egg hatching. In addition, the pot experiment showed that beetroot treated with 100 mg L-1 of CS-Cu NPs improved the growth attributes and also found changes in biochemical characteristics. Conclusions. The CS-Cu NP-treated plants enhanced the antioxidant level and reduced the nematode population.Thus, CS-Cu NPs may serve as a promising alternative for the management of root-knot disease caused by Meloidogyne incognita. However, the findings are based on in vitro and pot experiments, and further field-level studies are required to validate the effectiveness and practical applicability of CS-Cu NPs under natural environmental conditions.

Graphical Abstract