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<p>Verticillium wilt of olive (VWO), caused by <i>Verticillium dahliae</i>, is a major soil-borne disease causing significant economic losses in Mediterranean countries such as Tunisia. This study aimed to evaluate integrated management strategies and to test responses of olive cultivars to the combined treatment of biological control agents (BCAs) and compost on disease severity reduction and plant performance improvement. An experiment was conducted to evaluate the management of Verticillium wilt of olive (VWO) using potted plants under greenhouse conditions and under natural field conditions over three months. Treatments included biological control agents (BCAs), namely <i>Pseudomonas yamanorum</i> and <i>Trichoderma longibrachiatum</i>, and compost amendment. Four olive cultivars (Arbequina, Arbosana, Chetoui, and Chemlali) were evaluated separately in a randomized design. Disease severity and plant vigor were assessed, along with biochemical parameters, including antioxidant enzyme activities, total phenolic content, and protein levels. Soil physicochemical and microbiological properties were also analyzed to determine treatment efficacy. The greenhouse experiment results showed that Arbequina, Arbosana, and Chetoui were very susceptible, with a disease severity index (DSI) of 95 to 100%. Chemlali, on the other hand, was only moderately susceptible, with a DSI of 54.17%. The combination of biological control agents (BCAs) and compost revealed the best ability to reduce disease severity compared with other treatments with values ranging from 0.67 to 1.17. BCAs and compost are more compatible with the Arbequina cultivar by enhancing significantly plant vigor, antioxidant defense enzymes, proteins, and phenol levels. The combined treatment of compost and microbial consortium led to higher ascorbate peroxidase (APX) content in all cultivars, while malondialdehyde (MDA) levels were lower. The difference between them was more pronounced in the Arbequina. BCAs, compost, and resistant cultivars improved the plant vigor, antioxidant defenses, phenols, proteins, and soil quality parameters, both physicochemical and microbiological, significantly for Arbequina, Arbosana, and Chetoui counts of 27.61 × 10⁵, 27.61 × 10⁵, and 32.89 × 10⁵ CFU g⁻¹ soil, respectively, whereas the Chemlali cultivar was not included in the field trials. The findings demonstrate that the combined application of compost amendment and a local microbial consortium is the most effective strategy for reducing Verticillium wilt severity while enhancing plant vigor. This integrated approach provides a promising and sustainable disease management option for olive cultivation.</p>

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Sustainable Integrated Management of Olive Verticillium Wilt (Verticillium dahliae) Using a Microbial Consortium of Pseudomonas yamanarum - Trichoderma longibrachiatum, and Compost Mill Waste

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年4月30日

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  • Lobna Hajji-Hedfi,
  • Omaima Bargougui,
  • Laith Khalil Tawfeeq Al-Ani,
  • Samia Oueslati,
  • Dalia Sukmawati,
  • Takwa Wannassi,
  • Mohamed Ali Triki

摘要

Verticillium wilt of olive (VWO), caused by Verticillium dahliae, is a major soil-borne disease causing significant economic losses in Mediterranean countries such as Tunisia. This study aimed to evaluate integrated management strategies and to test responses of olive cultivars to the combined treatment of biological control agents (BCAs) and compost on disease severity reduction and plant performance improvement. An experiment was conducted to evaluate the management of Verticillium wilt of olive (VWO) using potted plants under greenhouse conditions and under natural field conditions over three months. Treatments included biological control agents (BCAs), namely Pseudomonas yamanorum and Trichoderma longibrachiatum, and compost amendment. Four olive cultivars (Arbequina, Arbosana, Chetoui, and Chemlali) were evaluated separately in a randomized design. Disease severity and plant vigor were assessed, along with biochemical parameters, including antioxidant enzyme activities, total phenolic content, and protein levels. Soil physicochemical and microbiological properties were also analyzed to determine treatment efficacy. The greenhouse experiment results showed that Arbequina, Arbosana, and Chetoui were very susceptible, with a disease severity index (DSI) of 95 to 100%. Chemlali, on the other hand, was only moderately susceptible, with a DSI of 54.17%. The combination of biological control agents (BCAs) and compost revealed the best ability to reduce disease severity compared with other treatments with values ranging from 0.67 to 1.17. BCAs and compost are more compatible with the Arbequina cultivar by enhancing significantly plant vigor, antioxidant defense enzymes, proteins, and phenol levels. The combined treatment of compost and microbial consortium led to higher ascorbate peroxidase (APX) content in all cultivars, while malondialdehyde (MDA) levels were lower. The difference between them was more pronounced in the Arbequina. BCAs, compost, and resistant cultivars improved the plant vigor, antioxidant defenses, phenols, proteins, and soil quality parameters, both physicochemical and microbiological, significantly for Arbequina, Arbosana, and Chetoui counts of 27.61 × 10⁵, 27.61 × 10⁵, and 32.89 × 10⁵ CFU g⁻¹ soil, respectively, whereas the Chemlali cultivar was not included in the field trials. The findings demonstrate that the combined application of compost amendment and a local microbial consortium is the most effective strategy for reducing Verticillium wilt severity while enhancing plant vigor. This integrated approach provides a promising and sustainable disease management option for olive cultivation.