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<p>Conventional agricultural practices, characterized by the excessive use of pesticide and chemical fertilizer, have contributed to significant environmental degradation including water pollution, soil depletion and greenhouse gas emissions. In this context, green chemistry based nanoparticles (NPs) have emerged as a promising alternative for advancing precision agriculture through improved pest management, enhanced nutrient delivery, and sustainable crop intensification.&#xa0;This review critically examines the application of green NPs in precision agriculture, emphasizing their roles as nanofertilizers and nanopesticides. Key mechanisms, such as controlled nutrient release, enhanced plant uptake, and enzyme-targeted pest inhibition were examined. To complement existing research, molecular docking simulations were incorporated to provide mechanistic insights into NPs interactions with key pest enzymes, including <i>acetylcholinesterase</i> and <i>cytochrome P450</i>. The integration of artificial intelligence for optimizing NPs design and field deployment is also discussed within the framework of precision agriculture.&#xa0;Despite their potential, challenges related to synthesis scalability, material variability, and soil-based nanotoxicity persist. By linking NPs functionality to soil–plant interactions and nutrient cycling, this review offers a mechanistic perspective on the role of nano-enabled strategies in sustainable crop production. Future directions for the safe and effective implementation of these technologies are outlined to guide continued development in the field.</p> Graphical Abstract <p></p>

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Precision Agriculture Through Green Nanoparticles: Mechanistic Insights into Nutrient Delivery and Enzyme-Targeted Pest Control with Emerging Computational Perspectives

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年5月5日

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  • Muhammad Irfan,
  • Hira Altaf,
  • Mishal Naveed,
  • Nadia Zeeshan,
  • Umer Rashid,
  • Amber Afroz

摘要

Conventional agricultural practices, characterized by the excessive use of pesticide and chemical fertilizer, have contributed to significant environmental degradation including water pollution, soil depletion and greenhouse gas emissions. In this context, green chemistry based nanoparticles (NPs) have emerged as a promising alternative for advancing precision agriculture through improved pest management, enhanced nutrient delivery, and sustainable crop intensification. This review critically examines the application of green NPs in precision agriculture, emphasizing their roles as nanofertilizers and nanopesticides. Key mechanisms, such as controlled nutrient release, enhanced plant uptake, and enzyme-targeted pest inhibition were examined. To complement existing research, molecular docking simulations were incorporated to provide mechanistic insights into NPs interactions with key pest enzymes, including acetylcholinesterase and cytochrome P450. The integration of artificial intelligence for optimizing NPs design and field deployment is also discussed within the framework of precision agriculture. Despite their potential, challenges related to synthesis scalability, material variability, and soil-based nanotoxicity persist. By linking NPs functionality to soil–plant interactions and nutrient cycling, this review offers a mechanistic perspective on the role of nano-enabled strategies in sustainable crop production. Future directions for the safe and effective implementation of these technologies are outlined to guide continued development in the field.

Graphical Abstract