<p>Consecutive drought is a major limitation for cultivation in arid and semiarid areas. Therefore, irrigation and fertilizing methods should be changed to increase grain yield and improve the efficiency of water and fertilizer use. A field experiment was carried out as a factorial in a semiarid area in 2020 and 2021. The factors included four levels of irrigation (wick (W) and Furrow 50 (S<sub>50</sub>), 70 (S<sub>70</sub>), and 100 (S<sub>100</sub>)) and two levels of nitrogen fertilizer (50 (F<sub>50</sub>) and 100 (F<sub>100</sub>) % of plant’s needs). The results showed that the interaction effect of year, fertilizer, and irrigation on net income, gross income, benefit-cost ratio, Crop Per Drop (CPD), economic water productivity (BPD and NBPD), crop water productivity (WP<sub>C</sub>), nitrogen use efficiency, grain protein content, and the economic productivity of nitrogen was significant. The average comparison results showed that the highest value for CPD productivity indicators was observed in the WF<sub>100</sub> treatment in 2020. The highest water economic productivity (BPD and NBPD) was related to WF<sub>100</sub> and S<sub>50</sub>F<sub>100</sub> (2021 year), respectively. The highest and lowest WP<sub>C</sub> were obtained from WF<sub>100</sub> (2021 year) and S<sub>100</sub>F<sub>50</sub> (2020 year) treatments, respectively. In terms of nitrogen use efficiency and seed protein content, WF<sub>50</sub> and S<sub>100</sub>F<sub>50</sub> treatments were superior to other treatments. The S<sub>100</sub>F<sub>50</sub> treatment had the highest nitrogen productivity index in 2021. Overall, the wick irrigation system had high water and nitrogen productivity indicators and can be considered for the development of maize and other crops.</p>

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Evaluation of Water and Nitrogen Fertilizer Productivity Indicators of Wick Irrigation Method in Grain Maize (Zea mays L.)

  • Zhaleh Zarei,
  • Hassan Heidari,
  • Saeid Jalali Honarmand,
  • Ali Bafkar

摘要

Consecutive drought is a major limitation for cultivation in arid and semiarid areas. Therefore, irrigation and fertilizing methods should be changed to increase grain yield and improve the efficiency of water and fertilizer use. A field experiment was carried out as a factorial in a semiarid area in 2020 and 2021. The factors included four levels of irrigation (wick (W) and Furrow 50 (S50), 70 (S70), and 100 (S100)) and two levels of nitrogen fertilizer (50 (F50) and 100 (F100) % of plant’s needs). The results showed that the interaction effect of year, fertilizer, and irrigation on net income, gross income, benefit-cost ratio, Crop Per Drop (CPD), economic water productivity (BPD and NBPD), crop water productivity (WPC), nitrogen use efficiency, grain protein content, and the economic productivity of nitrogen was significant. The average comparison results showed that the highest value for CPD productivity indicators was observed in the WF100 treatment in 2020. The highest water economic productivity (BPD and NBPD) was related to WF100 and S50F100 (2021 year), respectively. The highest and lowest WPC were obtained from WF100 (2021 year) and S100F50 (2020 year) treatments, respectively. In terms of nitrogen use efficiency and seed protein content, WF50 and S100F50 treatments were superior to other treatments. The S100F50 treatment had the highest nitrogen productivity index in 2021. Overall, the wick irrigation system had high water and nitrogen productivity indicators and can be considered for the development of maize and other crops.