<p>Rhizobial inoculation has been shown to enhance vegetative growth, resistance to environmental stress, and productivity in leguminous plants. Current research is actively extending this knowledge to non-leguminous crops, primarily aiming to reduce their high nitrogen demand. Additional advantageous traits of rhizobia, including phosphate and potassium solubilization, phytohormone production, and siderophore biosynthesis, are being investigated through an integrative lens for application in sustainable crop production. From the molecular dialogue between symbiont and host to the benefits derived from genetic improvements in both symbiotic partners within legume-rhizobia systems, existing knowledge gaps and emerging opportunities are paving the way for the near-future utilization of rhizobial inoculation in non-leguminous plants. This approach promises eco-efficient production by diminishing dependence on synthetic nitrogen fertilizers and reducing environmental impact. This review critically analyzes current knowledge about the processes involved in rhizobia-legume plant interactions to understand the advances and gaps in knowledge about rhizobia-non-legume plant interactions. It highlights recent advances and perspectives constituting significant opportunities, noting that several rhizobial species have already been isolated from non-leguminous associations. At the same time, challenges persist in comprehensively elucidating the benefits of rhizobia-non-legume symbioses. Despite current limitations and research hurdles, the implementation of rhizobia in these crops, alongside prospects, holds substantial potential for optimizing their use within ethically and environmentally conscious agricultural practices.</p> Graphical Abstract <p></p>