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<p>Spatial nutrient heterogeneity in soil imposes distinct challenges on nutrient acquisition by plant, requiring integrated signaling and developmental processes. The review elaborates on the current understanding of how plants respond to both nutrient-deficit and nutrient-rich microsites through coordinated hormonal network, secondary metabolic adjustments, and non-hormonal signaling pathways. Major hormones and signaling molecule activity shapes root system architecture, regulates transporter activity and mediates localised and systemic responses enabling effective nutrient foraging. This review also sheds light on recent advances in peptide- and ROS-mediated nutrient sensing, and microRNA regulation, all of which contributes towards adaptation under patchy-soil condition. Moreover, nutrient heterogeneity influences accumulation of key secondary metabolites including phenolics, flavonoids, terpenoids and alkaloids which in turn supports stress tolerance and adaptive growth. We conclusively discuss the emerging strategies ranging from nanofertilisers, biostimulants, genome editing to multi-omics and AI-guided agronomy for enhancing nutrient-use efficiency. Together, these insights highlight the multi-faceted nature of plant nutrient responses and identify opportunities for improving crop resilience under varying nutrient availability.</p> Graphical Abstract <p></p>

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Navigating Patchy Soils: Signaling Networks and Metabolic Responses In Plant Nutrient Foraging

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年2月27日

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  • Joorie Bhattacharya,
  • Ashutosh Desale,
  • Vidhi Sapara,
  • Rasika Aher,
  • Ivan A. Paponov,
  • Rahul B. Nitnavare

摘要

Spatial nutrient heterogeneity in soil imposes distinct challenges on nutrient acquisition by plant, requiring integrated signaling and developmental processes. The review elaborates on the current understanding of how plants respond to both nutrient-deficit and nutrient-rich microsites through coordinated hormonal network, secondary metabolic adjustments, and non-hormonal signaling pathways. Major hormones and signaling molecule activity shapes root system architecture, regulates transporter activity and mediates localised and systemic responses enabling effective nutrient foraging. This review also sheds light on recent advances in peptide- and ROS-mediated nutrient sensing, and microRNA regulation, all of which contributes towards adaptation under patchy-soil condition. Moreover, nutrient heterogeneity influences accumulation of key secondary metabolites including phenolics, flavonoids, terpenoids and alkaloids which in turn supports stress tolerance and adaptive growth. We conclusively discuss the emerging strategies ranging from nanofertilisers, biostimulants, genome editing to multi-omics and AI-guided agronomy for enhancing nutrient-use efficiency. Together, these insights highlight the multi-faceted nature of plant nutrient responses and identify opportunities for improving crop resilience under varying nutrient availability.

Graphical Abstract