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<p>Soil microorganisms are essential for nutrient cycling and soil fertility in rice paddy ecosystems, yet they are sensitive to agricultural management practices. Although individual effects of fertilization, irrigation, or tillage on microbial communities have been studied, the integrated impacts of optimized management schemes—combining balanced fertilization, water-saving irrigation, and improved cultivation—on rhizosphere microbial diversity in cold-region saline–alkaline paddy soils remain poorly understood. This gap limits the development of sustainable practices that enhance yield while maintaining soil microbial health in key rice-producing areas.&#xa0;Four rice management schemes—no nitrogen application (N0), local farmer practice (FP), high-yield high-efficiency practice (HYEY), and super-high-yield practice (SHY)—were compared in a two-year field experiment in Heilongjiang Province, China. Rhizosphere soil samples collected at the heading stage were analyzed for physicochemical properties (alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen, available phosphorus and potassium, organic matter, and pH). Bacterial (16&#xa0;S rRNA) and fungal (ITS) community structure and diversity were assessed using amplicon sequencing, with alpha diversity indices (ACE, Chao1, Shannon, Simpson), beta diversity (PCoA), Venn diagrams, and redundancy analysis (RDA) to evaluate treatment effects and correlations with soil factors.&#xa0;Super-high-yield and high-efficiency schemes significantly increased soil alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen and organic matter compared to N0 and FP, while available potassium and organic matter were key drivers of microbial community composition. Bacterial communities remained relatively stable across treatments, dominated by <i>Proteobacteria</i>, <i>Chloroflexi</i>, <i>Bacteroidetes</i>, and <i>Acidobacteria</i>. In contrast, fungal communities showed greater sensitivity, with reduced alpha diversity under HYEY and SHY, and <i>Ascomycota</i> as the predominant phylum.&#xa0;Integrated rice management practices, particularly HYEY and SHY, substantially modify soil nutrient status and exert differential effects on rhizosphere microbial communities, with fungal assemblages exhibiting greater responsiveness than bacteria. These shifts provide mechanistic insights into yield improvements in cold-region systems and support the implementation of optimized integrated approaches to achieve sustainable high-yield rice production while preserving soil ecosystem functions.</p>

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Integrated Rice Management Changes Soil Physicochemical Properties and Affects Rhizosphere Microbial-Community Diversity

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年2月2日

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  • Qianli Li,
  • Yue Hu,
  • Yukun Guo,
  • Jiaqing Li,
  • Fujing Sun,
  • Yandong Lv,
  • Hongyu Li,
  • Lihua Liu,
  • Xiaohong Guo

摘要

Soil microorganisms are essential for nutrient cycling and soil fertility in rice paddy ecosystems, yet they are sensitive to agricultural management practices. Although individual effects of fertilization, irrigation, or tillage on microbial communities have been studied, the integrated impacts of optimized management schemes—combining balanced fertilization, water-saving irrigation, and improved cultivation—on rhizosphere microbial diversity in cold-region saline–alkaline paddy soils remain poorly understood. This gap limits the development of sustainable practices that enhance yield while maintaining soil microbial health in key rice-producing areas. Four rice management schemes—no nitrogen application (N0), local farmer practice (FP), high-yield high-efficiency practice (HYEY), and super-high-yield practice (SHY)—were compared in a two-year field experiment in Heilongjiang Province, China. Rhizosphere soil samples collected at the heading stage were analyzed for physicochemical properties (alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen, available phosphorus and potassium, organic matter, and pH). Bacterial (16 S rRNA) and fungal (ITS) community structure and diversity were assessed using amplicon sequencing, with alpha diversity indices (ACE, Chao1, Shannon, Simpson), beta diversity (PCoA), Venn diagrams, and redundancy analysis (RDA) to evaluate treatment effects and correlations with soil factors. Super-high-yield and high-efficiency schemes significantly increased soil alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen and organic matter compared to N0 and FP, while available potassium and organic matter were key drivers of microbial community composition. Bacterial communities remained relatively stable across treatments, dominated by Proteobacteria, Chloroflexi, Bacteroidetes, and Acidobacteria. In contrast, fungal communities showed greater sensitivity, with reduced alpha diversity under HYEY and SHY, and Ascomycota as the predominant phylum. Integrated rice management practices, particularly HYEY and SHY, substantially modify soil nutrient status and exert differential effects on rhizosphere microbial communities, with fungal assemblages exhibiting greater responsiveness than bacteria. These shifts provide mechanistic insights into yield improvements in cold-region systems and support the implementation of optimized integrated approaches to achieve sustainable high-yield rice production while preserving soil ecosystem functions.