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<p> Purpose: Rapid urbanization significantly increases waste generation, posing disposal challenges. However, urban organic wastes offer a valuable opportunity for sustainable nutrient management in agriculture. This study evaluated the characteristics of various urban organic wastes and their impact on soil health, maize productivity, nutrient uptake, and heavy metal content. Methods: A two-year field study was conducted in Bengaluru, India, using a randomized block design with nine maize treatments. Urban waste composts, along with plant and soil samples, were thoroughly analyzed for nutrients, heavy metals and physicochemical properties. Results: Heavy metal concentrations (Cd, Cr, Pb, Ni) in Humanure (HC), Urban Solid Waste Compost (USWC), Sewage Sludge (SS), and Farmyard Manure (FYM) were within Central Pollution Control Board, India regulatory limits. USWC and HC consistently demonstrated superior macronutrient content across both years. Applications of enriched HC and USWC led to taller maize plants (217.43&#xa0;cm and 217.01&#xa0;cm, respectively) and significantly higher kernel yields (9138&#xa0;kg ha<sup>− 1</sup> and 8986&#xa0;kg ha<sup>− 1</sup>, respectively). Composts also improved soil physical properties by reducing bulk density (1.48 to 1.41 Mg m<sup>−</sup>³) and increasing water holding capacity (36.31% to 40.15%) alongside enhancing enzyme activities. WHO recommendations for heavy metals in maize were satisfied though stover Pb concentrations in SS, enriched SS and enriched HC were borderline in 2022-23 (2.19, 2.16 and 2.31&#xa0;mg kg<sup>− 1</sup>, respectively). Strong positive correlations linked organic carbon, microbial activity, nutrient uptake and yield. Conclusions: Urban composts improved soil health, crop yield and nutrient uptake with minimal heavy metal risks, demonstrating their potential for sustainable agricultural practices.</p> Graphical Abstract <p></p>

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Profiling and Valorization of Urban Organic Wastes for Sustainable Soil Nutrient Management and Maize Production

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年1月30日

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  • Sathish Ayyappa,
  • Siddu Malakannavar,
  • Venkate Gowda Jayaramegowda

摘要

Purpose: Rapid urbanization significantly increases waste generation, posing disposal challenges. However, urban organic wastes offer a valuable opportunity for sustainable nutrient management in agriculture. This study evaluated the characteristics of various urban organic wastes and their impact on soil health, maize productivity, nutrient uptake, and heavy metal content. Methods: A two-year field study was conducted in Bengaluru, India, using a randomized block design with nine maize treatments. Urban waste composts, along with plant and soil samples, were thoroughly analyzed for nutrients, heavy metals and physicochemical properties. Results: Heavy metal concentrations (Cd, Cr, Pb, Ni) in Humanure (HC), Urban Solid Waste Compost (USWC), Sewage Sludge (SS), and Farmyard Manure (FYM) were within Central Pollution Control Board, India regulatory limits. USWC and HC consistently demonstrated superior macronutrient content across both years. Applications of enriched HC and USWC led to taller maize plants (217.43 cm and 217.01 cm, respectively) and significantly higher kernel yields (9138 kg ha− 1 and 8986 kg ha− 1, respectively). Composts also improved soil physical properties by reducing bulk density (1.48 to 1.41 Mg m−³) and increasing water holding capacity (36.31% to 40.15%) alongside enhancing enzyme activities. WHO recommendations for heavy metals in maize were satisfied though stover Pb concentrations in SS, enriched SS and enriched HC were borderline in 2022-23 (2.19, 2.16 and 2.31 mg kg− 1, respectively). Strong positive correlations linked organic carbon, microbial activity, nutrient uptake and yield. Conclusions: Urban composts improved soil health, crop yield and nutrient uptake with minimal heavy metal risks, demonstrating their potential for sustainable agricultural practices.

Graphical Abstract