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<p>Citrus huanglongbing (HLB) severely threatens the global citrus industry, and zinc is known to enhance plant stress resistance. This study aims to investigate the effects of foliar zinc fertilizer application on mineral nutrition and microbial communities in leaves of HLB-infected ‘Newhall’ navel oranges (Citrus sinensis Osbeck), and further reveal the underlying mechanism by which it regulates disease-resistant metabolic pathways.&#xa0;In this study, diseased plants were used as research objects, with foliar spraying treatments of 0.1% (T1), 0.2% (T2), 0.3% (T3), 0.4% (T4) ZnSO₄, alongside an unsprayed control (CK). The pathogen content was quantified using real-time fluorescent quantitative PCR, mineral elements were determined by ICP-MS, microbial communities were analyzed via high-throughput sequencing, and metabolite changes were profiled using UHPLC-Q-Exactive LC-MS.&#xa0;Moderate ZnSO₄ (0.2%-0.3%) reduced pathogen load, with 0.2% showing the greatest decrease (about 47%). These treatments increased leaf zinc and promoted coordinated changes in manganese and molybdenum, while avoiding the nutrient imbalance and diversity decline observed at 0.4% ZnSO₄ sprays reduced the abundance of the huanglongbing-associated bacterium Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus (CLas) in leaf endophytes and reshaped the phyllosphere community, and metabolomic profiles indicated a more stable defense-related metabolic state under moderate rates. This study demonstrates that foliar application of 0.2%-0.3% ZnSO₄ can alleviate huanglongbing in ‘Newhall’ navel orange through combined effects on micronutrient status, microbiota assembly, and defense-associated metabolism, providing a practical basis for targeted foliar fertilization in affected orchards.</p>

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Foliar Zinc Fertilizer Modulates Leaf Mineral Nutrient Status, Microbial Community Structure, and Metabolic Pathway Predictions in Huanglongbing-Infected ‘Newhall’ Navel Orange

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年1月27日

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  • Guan Guan,
  • Pingzhi He,
  • Si Zhang,
  • Jingyuan Xu,
  • Jing Zhu

摘要

Citrus huanglongbing (HLB) severely threatens the global citrus industry, and zinc is known to enhance plant stress resistance. This study aims to investigate the effects of foliar zinc fertilizer application on mineral nutrition and microbial communities in leaves of HLB-infected ‘Newhall’ navel oranges (Citrus sinensis Osbeck), and further reveal the underlying mechanism by which it regulates disease-resistant metabolic pathways. In this study, diseased plants were used as research objects, with foliar spraying treatments of 0.1% (T1), 0.2% (T2), 0.3% (T3), 0.4% (T4) ZnSO₄, alongside an unsprayed control (CK). The pathogen content was quantified using real-time fluorescent quantitative PCR, mineral elements were determined by ICP-MS, microbial communities were analyzed via high-throughput sequencing, and metabolite changes were profiled using UHPLC-Q-Exactive LC-MS. Moderate ZnSO₄ (0.2%-0.3%) reduced pathogen load, with 0.2% showing the greatest decrease (about 47%). These treatments increased leaf zinc and promoted coordinated changes in manganese and molybdenum, while avoiding the nutrient imbalance and diversity decline observed at 0.4% ZnSO₄ sprays reduced the abundance of the huanglongbing-associated bacterium Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus (CLas) in leaf endophytes and reshaped the phyllosphere community, and metabolomic profiles indicated a more stable defense-related metabolic state under moderate rates. This study demonstrates that foliar application of 0.2%-0.3% ZnSO₄ can alleviate huanglongbing in ‘Newhall’ navel orange through combined effects on micronutrient status, microbiota assembly, and defense-associated metabolism, providing a practical basis for targeted foliar fertilization in affected orchards.