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<p>Efficient nitrogen (N) fertilization is crucial for optimizing cotton yield and nitrogen use efficiency (NUE), particularly in drip-irrigated systems where precise nutrient management is essential. This study aims to evaluate the impact of N starter fertilizers applied through drip irrigation on cotton growth, NUE, and yield, under conditions of consistent total N, phosphorus, and potassium supply throughout the growing season. A two-year field trial was conducted using ammonium sulfate (A) and urea (U) at two N application rates (30 and 60 kg N ha⁻¹), compared to conventional top-dressing fertilization (CF). The results showed that N starter fertilizers, particularly AN60, significantly enhanced root surface area (37.7%), root length density (111.4%), and nutrient uptake during the seedling stage. Enzyme activity assays of glutamine synthetase (GS) and glutamate synthase (GOGAT) in both roots and leaves revealed substantial increases, with GS activity in roots and leaves rising by 106.0% and 81.7%, respectively, while GOGAT activity increased by 46.6% in roots and 71.3% in leaves. As a result, biomass accumulation in reproductive organs increased by 16.1%, and in vegetative organs by 6.1%. Over the two years, AN60 increased seed cotton yield by 13.5%, partial factor productivity of N (PFP<sub>N</sub>) by 13.6% and N harvest index by 4.0%, compared to CF. These findings suggest that applying 60 kg N ha⁻¹ of ammonium sulfate as a starter fertilizer effectively improves cotton yield and PFP<sub>N</sub> in drip-irrigated systems, offering a practical approach to enhancing NUE in cotton production. </p>

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Enhancing Cotton Yield and Nitrogen Use Efficiency with Starter Fertilizers Under Drip Irrigation in Arid Regions

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年1月6日

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  • Weidong Ma,
  • Xinjiang Zhang,
  • Zixin He,
  • Xiliang Jiang,
  • Lin Ma,
  • Zhenbo Sun,
  • Menghao Jiang,
  • Xiao Wang,
  • Changzhou Wei

摘要

Efficient nitrogen (N) fertilization is crucial for optimizing cotton yield and nitrogen use efficiency (NUE), particularly in drip-irrigated systems where precise nutrient management is essential. This study aims to evaluate the impact of N starter fertilizers applied through drip irrigation on cotton growth, NUE, and yield, under conditions of consistent total N, phosphorus, and potassium supply throughout the growing season. A two-year field trial was conducted using ammonium sulfate (A) and urea (U) at two N application rates (30 and 60 kg N ha⁻¹), compared to conventional top-dressing fertilization (CF). The results showed that N starter fertilizers, particularly AN60, significantly enhanced root surface area (37.7%), root length density (111.4%), and nutrient uptake during the seedling stage. Enzyme activity assays of glutamine synthetase (GS) and glutamate synthase (GOGAT) in both roots and leaves revealed substantial increases, with GS activity in roots and leaves rising by 106.0% and 81.7%, respectively, while GOGAT activity increased by 46.6% in roots and 71.3% in leaves. As a result, biomass accumulation in reproductive organs increased by 16.1%, and in vegetative organs by 6.1%. Over the two years, AN60 increased seed cotton yield by 13.5%, partial factor productivity of N (PFPN) by 13.6% and N harvest index by 4.0%, compared to CF. These findings suggest that applying 60 kg N ha⁻¹ of ammonium sulfate as a starter fertilizer effectively improves cotton yield and PFPN in drip-irrigated systems, offering a practical approach to enhancing NUE in cotton production.