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<p>This study aimed to investigate fungal strains associated with the root of <i>Alternanthera tenella</i> Colla and evaluate their roles in heavy metal tolerance, plant growth-promoting (PGP) traits, and potential to enhance rice seed germination under metal-stressed conditions. Fungal strains were isolated from bulk soil, rhizosphere, and root samples of <i>A. tenella</i> collected from heavy metal-contaminated industrial sites in Kanjikode. Soil and plant tissues were analysed for heavy metal concentrations using Inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectroscopy (ICP-OES). The isolates were tested for tolerance to Cadmium (Cd), Chromium (Cr), Lead (Pb), and Aluminium (Al), and screened for PGP traits such as Indole acetic acid (IAA) production, phosphate solubilization, ammonia, and siderophore production. Multimetal-tolerant strains were subjected to Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy to identify functional groups involved in metal binding. Selected strains were also evaluated for their ability to promote rice seed germination under metal stress. ICP-OES confirmed high levels of Al and Cd in the study area. Most isolates tolerated all four metals, except <i>Aspergillus keveii</i>, <i>Penicillium citrinum</i>, and <i>Talaromyces verruculosus</i>. <i>Fusarium fujikuroi</i> showed the highest tolerance. All strains produced IAA, ammonia, and solubilized phosphate, though siderophore production, were absent in <i>A. keveii</i> and <i>T. verruculosus</i>. FTIR analysis indicated that hydroxyl, amine, carbonyl, and alkane-related groups were involved in metal binding through coordination and ionic interactions. In seed germination assays, <i>F. fujikuroi</i> and <i>Sarocladium kiliense</i> were most effective under Al, Pb, Cd, and Cr stress, while <i>Aspergillus fumigatus</i> performed well under Cd.The isolated fungal strains shown strong potential as bioinoculants, combining heavy metal tolerance and plant growth promotion to support bioremediation and improve crop productivity in contaminated, nutrient-deficient soils.</p>

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Unlocking the Potential of Multimetal-Tolerant Fungal Strains Associated with the Roots of Alternanthera tenella Colla to Boost Plant Growth Under Metal-Stressed Conditions

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年1月5日

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  • Malavika Pallath,
  • Vivek Padmanabhan Jayanthikumari,
  • Resmi Mohankumar Saraladevi

摘要

This study aimed to investigate fungal strains associated with the root of Alternanthera tenella Colla and evaluate their roles in heavy metal tolerance, plant growth-promoting (PGP) traits, and potential to enhance rice seed germination under metal-stressed conditions. Fungal strains were isolated from bulk soil, rhizosphere, and root samples of A. tenella collected from heavy metal-contaminated industrial sites in Kanjikode. Soil and plant tissues were analysed for heavy metal concentrations using Inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectroscopy (ICP-OES). The isolates were tested for tolerance to Cadmium (Cd), Chromium (Cr), Lead (Pb), and Aluminium (Al), and screened for PGP traits such as Indole acetic acid (IAA) production, phosphate solubilization, ammonia, and siderophore production. Multimetal-tolerant strains were subjected to Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy to identify functional groups involved in metal binding. Selected strains were also evaluated for their ability to promote rice seed germination under metal stress. ICP-OES confirmed high levels of Al and Cd in the study area. Most isolates tolerated all four metals, except Aspergillus keveii, Penicillium citrinum, and Talaromyces verruculosus. Fusarium fujikuroi showed the highest tolerance. All strains produced IAA, ammonia, and solubilized phosphate, though siderophore production, were absent in A. keveii and T. verruculosus. FTIR analysis indicated that hydroxyl, amine, carbonyl, and alkane-related groups were involved in metal binding through coordination and ionic interactions. In seed germination assays, F. fujikuroi and Sarocladium kiliense were most effective under Al, Pb, Cd, and Cr stress, while Aspergillus fumigatus performed well under Cd.The isolated fungal strains shown strong potential as bioinoculants, combining heavy metal tolerance and plant growth promotion to support bioremediation and improve crop productivity in contaminated, nutrient-deficient soils.