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Purpose <p>This study examines how <i>Erigeron canadensis</i> invasion affects soil microbial diversity and enzyme activities. Specifically, we assess its impact on bacterial and fungal colony forming units (CFUs), microbial biomass, and enzymatic activities (invertase, protease, urease, asparaginase, alkaline and acid phosphatase) across three growth stages.</p> Methods <p>We conducted this study at three sites heavily invaded by <i>E. canadensis</i>, following the standardized Global Invader Impact Network (GIIN) protocol. Soil samples were collected from invaded and uninvaded plots across three growth stages. Microbial abundance was quantified as bacterial and fungal CFUs. In addition to microbial biomass, we assessed enzymatic and microbial metabolic activities.</p> Results <p>Our findings reveal significant shifts in soil microbial structure and function due to <i>E. canadensis</i> invasion. Bacterial CFUs were 33.22% higher in invaded plots during pre-flowering but declined during flowering (-2.23%) and post-flowering (-6.96%). Fungal CFUs increased in pre-flowering (19.66%) and flowering (7.95%) but declined (-34.38%) post-flowering. Microbial biomass declined in invaded plots during pre-flowering (-11.72%) and flowering (-10.83%) but remained stable post-flowering. Esterase activity (microbial activity) dropped substantially during flowering (-36.97%) and post-flowering (-32.16%) stages. Enzymatic activities were notably altered due to invasion across various growth stages. Invertase activity increased in pre-flowering (16.79%) and post-flowering (8.97%) stages but declined during flowering (-9.40%). Protease, urease and asparaginase, acid phosphatase and alkaline phosphatase activities consistently decreased across the three growth stages.</p> Conclusions <p><i>E. canadensis</i> invasion disrupts soil microbial equilibrium and enzyme-driven nutrient cycling, impacting ecosystem function. Targeted early-stage management is essential to mitigating belowground impacts and preserving soil integrity in invaded landscapes.</p>

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Unravelling Hidden Disruptions: Erigeron canadensis L. Invasion Reshapes Soil Microbial Dynamics and Enzyme Function

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年1月4日

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  • Nazima Rasool,
  • Zafar A. Reshi

摘要

Purpose

This study examines how Erigeron canadensis invasion affects soil microbial diversity and enzyme activities. Specifically, we assess its impact on bacterial and fungal colony forming units (CFUs), microbial biomass, and enzymatic activities (invertase, protease, urease, asparaginase, alkaline and acid phosphatase) across three growth stages.

Methods

We conducted this study at three sites heavily invaded by E. canadensis, following the standardized Global Invader Impact Network (GIIN) protocol. Soil samples were collected from invaded and uninvaded plots across three growth stages. Microbial abundance was quantified as bacterial and fungal CFUs. In addition to microbial biomass, we assessed enzymatic and microbial metabolic activities.

Results

Our findings reveal significant shifts in soil microbial structure and function due to E. canadensis invasion. Bacterial CFUs were 33.22% higher in invaded plots during pre-flowering but declined during flowering (-2.23%) and post-flowering (-6.96%). Fungal CFUs increased in pre-flowering (19.66%) and flowering (7.95%) but declined (-34.38%) post-flowering. Microbial biomass declined in invaded plots during pre-flowering (-11.72%) and flowering (-10.83%) but remained stable post-flowering. Esterase activity (microbial activity) dropped substantially during flowering (-36.97%) and post-flowering (-32.16%) stages. Enzymatic activities were notably altered due to invasion across various growth stages. Invertase activity increased in pre-flowering (16.79%) and post-flowering (8.97%) stages but declined during flowering (-9.40%). Protease, urease and asparaginase, acid phosphatase and alkaline phosphatase activities consistently decreased across the three growth stages.

Conclusions

E. canadensis invasion disrupts soil microbial equilibrium and enzyme-driven nutrient cycling, impacting ecosystem function. Targeted early-stage management is essential to mitigating belowground impacts and preserving soil integrity in invaded landscapes.