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<p>Salinity is one of the most critical environmental constraints that limits plant growth, nutrient uptake, and overall productivity, especially in ornamental species. This study aimed to evaluate the potential of selenium (Se), a beneficial trace element, to mitigate the negative effects of NaCl-induced salinity stress in <i>Osteospermum ecklonis</i>.&#xa0;A factorial experiment was conducted in a completely randomized design with three replications in a greenhouse. Treatments included four salinity levels (0, 50, 100, and 200 mM NaCl) and four selenium concentrations (0, 5, 10, and 15 µM), applied via foliar spray. Morphological, physiological, biochemical parameters, and nutrient uptake were assessed.&#xa0;Salinity stress significantly decreased plant height, stem diameter, and canopy width, while activating antioxidant defense mechanisms, as reflected by increased activities of catalase and guaiacol peroxidase, along with elevated levels of total phenolics and flavonoids. Salinity also caused substantial ionic imbalance, characterized by increased Na⁺ and Cl⁻ accumulation and concurrent reductions in Ca, K, Mg, Fe, Zn, and Se levels. Foliar application of selenium mitigated these effects by enhancing plant growth, strengthening antioxidant responses, improving nutrient uptake, and restoring ionic homeostasis, particularly through increases in K⁺/Na⁺ and Ca²⁺/Na⁺ ratios. The 10 and 15 µM Se treatments were the most effective in alleviating salinity-induced oxidative stress and nutrient disturbances.&#xa0;Foliar selenium application effectively mitigates salt-induced damage and enhances salt tolerance in <i>Osteospermum ecklonis</i>, offering a promising strategy for sustainable cultivation under saline conditions. These findings could be extended to other ornamental species, and future research may focus on optimizing application rates, exploring molecular mechanisms, and evaluating long-term effects under field conditions.</p>

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Selenium Enhances Salt Tolerance in Osteospermum Ecklonis by Modulating Antioxidant Defense and Ion Homeostasis Under NaCl Stress

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年1月5日

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  • Reza Badavi Ashgehsou,
  • Zohreh Jabbarzadeh,
  • Jafar Amiri

摘要

Salinity is one of the most critical environmental constraints that limits plant growth, nutrient uptake, and overall productivity, especially in ornamental species. This study aimed to evaluate the potential of selenium (Se), a beneficial trace element, to mitigate the negative effects of NaCl-induced salinity stress in Osteospermum ecklonis. A factorial experiment was conducted in a completely randomized design with three replications in a greenhouse. Treatments included four salinity levels (0, 50, 100, and 200 mM NaCl) and four selenium concentrations (0, 5, 10, and 15 µM), applied via foliar spray. Morphological, physiological, biochemical parameters, and nutrient uptake were assessed. Salinity stress significantly decreased plant height, stem diameter, and canopy width, while activating antioxidant defense mechanisms, as reflected by increased activities of catalase and guaiacol peroxidase, along with elevated levels of total phenolics and flavonoids. Salinity also caused substantial ionic imbalance, characterized by increased Na⁺ and Cl⁻ accumulation and concurrent reductions in Ca, K, Mg, Fe, Zn, and Se levels. Foliar application of selenium mitigated these effects by enhancing plant growth, strengthening antioxidant responses, improving nutrient uptake, and restoring ionic homeostasis, particularly through increases in K⁺/Na⁺ and Ca²⁺/Na⁺ ratios. The 10 and 15 µM Se treatments were the most effective in alleviating salinity-induced oxidative stress and nutrient disturbances. Foliar selenium application effectively mitigates salt-induced damage and enhances salt tolerance in Osteospermum ecklonis, offering a promising strategy for sustainable cultivation under saline conditions. These findings could be extended to other ornamental species, and future research may focus on optimizing application rates, exploring molecular mechanisms, and evaluating long-term effects under field conditions.