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<p>Use of biochar (BC−NPs)&#xa0;and cerium oxide nanoparticles (CeO₂−NPs) are novel approach for ameliorating drought stress and heavy metal pollution especially nickel (Ni) in various agronomic crops such as chickpea (<i>Cicer arietinum</i> L.). To examine the potential roles of BC−NPs and CeO₂−NPs in increasing seed germination, plant growth, photosynthetic measurements, stomatal properties, oxidative stress and antioxidant response, rhizosphere microbiome composition, molecular responses including, ions uptake and the relationship between studied parameters, we investigated the impacts of its short-term seed priming on <i>C. arietinum</i> under a control environment, drought stress, and Ni stress. Our results showed that the drought and Ni stress in the soil showed reduced plant growth, gas exchange parameters, the ascorbate–glutathione (AsA–GSH) cycle, cellular fractionation, proline metabolism and rhizosphere microbial diversity in <i>C. arietinum</i>. Conversely, drought and Ni stress markedly increased oxidative stress biomarkers, as well as the levels and gene expression of enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidants and also health risk indices. The application of BC−NPs and CeO₂−NPs significantly enhanced plant growth and biomass, improved gas exchange traits, increased the activity and expression of both enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidants, and microbial diversity and reduced MDA and H₂O₂ contents. Ni accumulation in <i>C. arietinum</i> declined, and also reduced health risk indices by lowering bioaccumulation and estimated dietary metal intake. Furthermore, these treatments improved cellular fractionation, suppressed excessive proline accumulation, and enhanced the AsA–GSH cycle in<i>C. arietinum </i>plants. These results open new insights for&#xa0;sustainable agriculture&#xa0;practices and hold immense promise in addressing the pressing challenges of&#xa0;drought and heavy metal&#xa0;contamination in agricultural soils.</p>

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Biochar and Cerium Oxide Nanoparticles Mitigate Nickel and Drought Stress in Chickpea (Cicer Arietinum L.): Roles of Microbiome, Health Risk, and Molecular Responses

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年1月5日

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  • Eman Fayad,
  • Dalal Nasser Binjawhar,
  • Mohammed Alqurashi,
  • Fatimah Hadadi,
  • Ahmad F. Alhomodi ,
  • Hanadi A. Katouah,
  • Suliman Mohammed Suliman Alghanem,
  • Khalid Ali Khan

摘要

Use of biochar (BC−NPs) and cerium oxide nanoparticles (CeO₂−NPs) are novel approach for ameliorating drought stress and heavy metal pollution especially nickel (Ni) in various agronomic crops such as chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.). To examine the potential roles of BC−NPs and CeO₂−NPs in increasing seed germination, plant growth, photosynthetic measurements, stomatal properties, oxidative stress and antioxidant response, rhizosphere microbiome composition, molecular responses including, ions uptake and the relationship between studied parameters, we investigated the impacts of its short-term seed priming on C. arietinum under a control environment, drought stress, and Ni stress. Our results showed that the drought and Ni stress in the soil showed reduced plant growth, gas exchange parameters, the ascorbate–glutathione (AsA–GSH) cycle, cellular fractionation, proline metabolism and rhizosphere microbial diversity in C. arietinum. Conversely, drought and Ni stress markedly increased oxidative stress biomarkers, as well as the levels and gene expression of enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidants and also health risk indices. The application of BC−NPs and CeO₂−NPs significantly enhanced plant growth and biomass, improved gas exchange traits, increased the activity and expression of both enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidants, and microbial diversity and reduced MDA and H₂O₂ contents. Ni accumulation in C. arietinum declined, and also reduced health risk indices by lowering bioaccumulation and estimated dietary metal intake. Furthermore, these treatments improved cellular fractionation, suppressed excessive proline accumulation, and enhanced the AsA–GSH cycle inC. arietinum plants. These results open new insights for sustainable agriculture practices and hold immense promise in addressing the pressing challenges of drought and heavy metal contamination in agricultural soils.