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<p>Despite recent studies focusing primarily on surface layers, knowledge gaps remain regarding the benefits of previous crops for enzymatic activity and root development in deeper soil layers. This study aimed to quantify the influence of precrops on soil biological properties, soybean root volume, and their interactions throughout the soil profile down to 200&#xa0;cm depth. The long-term experiment under no-tillage system was conducted in a randomized complete block design with split-plots, using three previous crops (ruzigrass as cover crop, maize as cash crop, and fallow) and three sampling positions (on the planting row and to the left and right of the plant). Soil samples were collected at nine soil depths (0–10, 10–20, 20–30, 40–50, 70–80, 100–110, 130–140, 160–170, and 190–200&#xa0;cm). Soil biological activities were assessed via arylsulfatase, β-glucosidase, and acid phosphatase enzymes. Soybean root systems were quantified by sampling in all soil layers until 200&#xa0;cm depth, and it was washed, scanned, and analyzed using WinRhizo software to determine root volume density. Enzymatic activity varied with sampling position and previous crop. Ruzigrass promoted higher arylsulfatase and β-glucosidase activity and greater root volume in the 0–10&#xa0;cm layer. Significant differences in β-glucosidase, arylsulfatase, and root volume were observed among precrops down to 200&#xa0;cm. β-glucosidase showed the strongest correlation with root volume (<i>r</i> = 0.76). Enzymatic activity and root volume decreased with soil depth; however, ruzigrass improved both variables in surface and subsurface layers. Precrops influence soil biological activity and soybean root volume at depth. Ruzigrass, in particular, enhanced enzymatic activity and root volume not only in the surface layer but also in deeper portions of the soil profile, contributing to improved subsurface biological conditions under no-tillage.</p>

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Ruzigrass as Cover Crop Enhances Enzymatic Activity Linked to Soybean Rooting in Deep Soil Layers

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年12月22日

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  • Matheus Batista Néri Pereira,
  • Lucas Henrique Amaro da Silva,
  • John Kennedy dos Santos,
  • Luiz Henrique Quecine Grande,
  • Henrique Debiasi,
  • Julio Cezar Franchini,
  • Alvadi Antonio Balbinot Junior,
  • Fernando Dini Andreote,
  • Moacir Tuzzin de Moraes

摘要

Despite recent studies focusing primarily on surface layers, knowledge gaps remain regarding the benefits of previous crops for enzymatic activity and root development in deeper soil layers. This study aimed to quantify the influence of precrops on soil biological properties, soybean root volume, and their interactions throughout the soil profile down to 200 cm depth. The long-term experiment under no-tillage system was conducted in a randomized complete block design with split-plots, using three previous crops (ruzigrass as cover crop, maize as cash crop, and fallow) and three sampling positions (on the planting row and to the left and right of the plant). Soil samples were collected at nine soil depths (0–10, 10–20, 20–30, 40–50, 70–80, 100–110, 130–140, 160–170, and 190–200 cm). Soil biological activities were assessed via arylsulfatase, β-glucosidase, and acid phosphatase enzymes. Soybean root systems were quantified by sampling in all soil layers until 200 cm depth, and it was washed, scanned, and analyzed using WinRhizo software to determine root volume density. Enzymatic activity varied with sampling position and previous crop. Ruzigrass promoted higher arylsulfatase and β-glucosidase activity and greater root volume in the 0–10 cm layer. Significant differences in β-glucosidase, arylsulfatase, and root volume were observed among precrops down to 200 cm. β-glucosidase showed the strongest correlation with root volume (r = 0.76). Enzymatic activity and root volume decreased with soil depth; however, ruzigrass improved both variables in surface and subsurface layers. Precrops influence soil biological activity and soybean root volume at depth. Ruzigrass, in particular, enhanced enzymatic activity and root volume not only in the surface layer but also in deeper portions of the soil profile, contributing to improved subsurface biological conditions under no-tillage.