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<p>The application of organic materials is widely recognized as an agronomic practice to improve soil fertility and crop yield, yet its impact on soil acidification remains insufficiently understood.&#xa0;We conducted a comprehensive meta-analysis of fertilization effects on soil pH across China’s croplands, synthesizing data from 236 peer-reviewed publications encompassing 1938 independent observations.&#xa0;Even in the unfertilized control, soil pH was reduced by an average of 0.19 units compared to its initial pH level. Overall, inorganic fertilization significantly accelerated acidification, with inorganic nitrogen (N) alone and combined inorganic N, phosphorus, and potassium (NPK) fertilization decreasing pH by 1.04 and 0.45 units relative to the initial pH, respectively. Organic manure amendment alone (M) raised soil pH compared to the unfertilized control (+ 0.26 units), but it just maintained soil pH relative to its initial level. Inorganic N plus M and NPK plus M reduced soil pH by 0.56 and 0.29 units relative to the initial pH, respectively. Partial substitution of inorganic N, P, and K fertilizers with M maintained soil pH. Plant-based organic amendment reduced soil pH by 0.29 and 0.19 units compared to the initial pH and the unfertilized control, respectively. In contrast, animal-based organic fertilization maintained the initial pH and resulted in a 0.16-unit increase over the unfertilized control. Inorganic N rates are the most important factors predicting the fertilization effects on soil pH relative to both the initial soil pH and the unfertilized control.&#xa0;While natural soil acidification processes are occurring in China’s croplands, inorganic N rates dominate soil acidification, and organic amendments could just reduce the declining rate of soil pH.&#xa0;</p>

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Substitution of Inorganic Nitrogen Fertilizers by Animal Manures Alleviates Soil Acidification in Croplands of China: A Meta-Analysis

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年12月22日

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  • Ping Liao,
  • Jiahui Miao,
  • Jin Chen,
  • Yanni Sun,
  • Shan Huang

摘要

The application of organic materials is widely recognized as an agronomic practice to improve soil fertility and crop yield, yet its impact on soil acidification remains insufficiently understood. We conducted a comprehensive meta-analysis of fertilization effects on soil pH across China’s croplands, synthesizing data from 236 peer-reviewed publications encompassing 1938 independent observations. Even in the unfertilized control, soil pH was reduced by an average of 0.19 units compared to its initial pH level. Overall, inorganic fertilization significantly accelerated acidification, with inorganic nitrogen (N) alone and combined inorganic N, phosphorus, and potassium (NPK) fertilization decreasing pH by 1.04 and 0.45 units relative to the initial pH, respectively. Organic manure amendment alone (M) raised soil pH compared to the unfertilized control (+ 0.26 units), but it just maintained soil pH relative to its initial level. Inorganic N plus M and NPK plus M reduced soil pH by 0.56 and 0.29 units relative to the initial pH, respectively. Partial substitution of inorganic N, P, and K fertilizers with M maintained soil pH. Plant-based organic amendment reduced soil pH by 0.29 and 0.19 units compared to the initial pH and the unfertilized control, respectively. In contrast, animal-based organic fertilization maintained the initial pH and resulted in a 0.16-unit increase over the unfertilized control. Inorganic N rates are the most important factors predicting the fertilization effects on soil pH relative to both the initial soil pH and the unfertilized control. While natural soil acidification processes are occurring in China’s croplands, inorganic N rates dominate soil acidification, and organic amendments could just reduce the declining rate of soil pH.