<p>Crop production is generally reduced in saline-sodic soils; however, organic and inorganic amendments may help to remediate these impacts. Unlike earlier studies that tested gypsum or organic manures separately, this study combined gypsum with different organic manures under contrasting soil textures, providing a more comprehensive evaluation. This study further investigated how these treatments influence soil properties, soil organic matter (SOM), and greenhouse gas emissions, thereby addressing both soil health and climate change concerns. A pot experiment was conducted to remediate three different saline-sodic soils and three incubation times (15, 30, 45 days) with following treatments: (1) control with no amendments, (2) gypsum at 100% of the soil gypsum requirement (SGR) (G100), (3) gypsum at 50% SGR with cattle (<i>Bos taurus</i> L.) manure (CTM + G50), (4) gypsum at 50% SGR with chicken (<i>Gallus gallus domesticus</i>) manure (CHM + G50), and (5) gypsum at 50% SGR with green (<i>Trifolium alexandrinum</i> L.) manure (GRM + G50). Treatments reduced the sodium adsorption ratio and electrical conductivity up to 12.1 mmol<sub>c</sub> L<sup>− 1</sup> and 3.86 dS m<sup>− 1</sup> with G100, while pH was reduced up to 7.86 with CTM + G50 at 45-d. Conversely, cation exchange capacity, total nitrogen, and SOM were increased up to 9.20 cmol<sub>c</sub> kg<sup>− 1</sup> with GRM + G50, 0.10&#xa0;g kg<sup>− 1</sup> with CHM + G50, and 0.44&#xa0;g kg<sup>− 1</sup> with CTM + G50, respectively at 45-d. The methane emission (0.43 mg m<sup>− 2</sup> hr<sup>− 1</sup>) was higher in soil-1 and carbon dioxide (35 mmol m<sup>− 2</sup> s<sup>− 1</sup> soil) emission was higher in soil-3 at 45-d whereas nitrous oxide emission (0.31&#xa0;µg kg<sup>− 1</sup> hr<sup>− 1</sup>) was higher in soil-2 at 30-d. Results suggested that gypsum combined with organic amendments can effectively reduce the salinity and sodicity in saline-sodic soils and help to increase SOM to better support crop production and carbon sequestration.</p>

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Gypsum and Manure Impacts on Contrasting Textured Saline-Sodic Soils and Greenhouse Gas Emissions

  • Zia Ur Rahman Farooqi,
  • Iftikhar Ahmad,
  • Muhammad Sabir,
  • Aftab Jamal,
  • Ayesha Abdul Qadir,
  • Bryan G. Hopkins,
  • Muhammad Nadeem Ashraf

摘要

Crop production is generally reduced in saline-sodic soils; however, organic and inorganic amendments may help to remediate these impacts. Unlike earlier studies that tested gypsum or organic manures separately, this study combined gypsum with different organic manures under contrasting soil textures, providing a more comprehensive evaluation. This study further investigated how these treatments influence soil properties, soil organic matter (SOM), and greenhouse gas emissions, thereby addressing both soil health and climate change concerns. A pot experiment was conducted to remediate three different saline-sodic soils and three incubation times (15, 30, 45 days) with following treatments: (1) control with no amendments, (2) gypsum at 100% of the soil gypsum requirement (SGR) (G100), (3) gypsum at 50% SGR with cattle (Bos taurus L.) manure (CTM + G50), (4) gypsum at 50% SGR with chicken (Gallus gallus domesticus) manure (CHM + G50), and (5) gypsum at 50% SGR with green (Trifolium alexandrinum L.) manure (GRM + G50). Treatments reduced the sodium adsorption ratio and electrical conductivity up to 12.1 mmolc L− 1 and 3.86 dS m− 1 with G100, while pH was reduced up to 7.86 with CTM + G50 at 45-d. Conversely, cation exchange capacity, total nitrogen, and SOM were increased up to 9.20 cmolc kg− 1 with GRM + G50, 0.10 g kg− 1 with CHM + G50, and 0.44 g kg− 1 with CTM + G50, respectively at 45-d. The methane emission (0.43 mg m− 2 hr− 1) was higher in soil-1 and carbon dioxide (35 mmol m− 2 s− 1 soil) emission was higher in soil-3 at 45-d whereas nitrous oxide emission (0.31 µg kg− 1 hr− 1) was higher in soil-2 at 30-d. Results suggested that gypsum combined with organic amendments can effectively reduce the salinity and sodicity in saline-sodic soils and help to increase SOM to better support crop production and carbon sequestration.