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<p>Globally, the increasing frequency of human activities such as fossil fuel combustion, pesticide and fertilizer use has led to a significant increase in atmospheric reactive nitrogen (N) emissions and continuously increasing N deposition to forests. This can significantly disrupt the elemental balance among components of the ecosystem and primary productivity. We reviewed the stoichiometry of the “plant-litter-soil” system in forests under elevated N deposition, specifically the stoichiometric characteristics of leaf, litter, and soil carbon (C), N, and phosphorus (P). This review also examines the effects of microbe-mediated and forest adaptation mechanisms on the stoichiometry of the “plant-litter-soil” system under N deposition. Findings demonstrated that (i) N deposition generally increased the plant leaf N and N: P ratio, especially under N-limited conditions, while the C: P ratio remained unchanged, suggesting a potential trend of increasing P limitation in forest ecosystems, (ii) the C: N ratio of litter tended to decrease, and N addition may accelerate its decomposition rate, (iii) N deposition increased the soil organic carbon (SOC) and N: P ratio, decreased the C: N ratio, negatively impacted microbial biomass C, N, P, and its effects on extracellular enzyme activities (EEAs) showed considerable variability, (iv) the response of forest stoichiometric characteristics was primarily influenced by the intensity and duration of N addition, while the forest’s own N-P resource availability also largely determined the outcome of stoichiometric response, (v) plants adapt to increased N availability by adjusting nutrient allocation, biomass distribution across organs, and nutrient resorption, (vi) changes in the composition and function of microbial communities were key mechanisms by which N deposition affects soil-microbe stoichiometry. This research helps to understand the dynamics of elemental cycling and ecological effects in forests under climate change, which is crucial for the protection of forest ecosystem stability and sustainable management.</p>

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The Response of Forest C: N:P Stoichiometry to Nitrogen Deposition and Underlying Mechanisms: a Review

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年10月27日

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  • Yeqiao Wang,
  • Haochuan Tu,
  • Jingjing Zheng,
  • Xiongjie Li,
  • Guibin Wang,
  • Jing Guo

摘要

Globally, the increasing frequency of human activities such as fossil fuel combustion, pesticide and fertilizer use has led to a significant increase in atmospheric reactive nitrogen (N) emissions and continuously increasing N deposition to forests. This can significantly disrupt the elemental balance among components of the ecosystem and primary productivity. We reviewed the stoichiometry of the “plant-litter-soil” system in forests under elevated N deposition, specifically the stoichiometric characteristics of leaf, litter, and soil carbon (C), N, and phosphorus (P). This review also examines the effects of microbe-mediated and forest adaptation mechanisms on the stoichiometry of the “plant-litter-soil” system under N deposition. Findings demonstrated that (i) N deposition generally increased the plant leaf N and N: P ratio, especially under N-limited conditions, while the C: P ratio remained unchanged, suggesting a potential trend of increasing P limitation in forest ecosystems, (ii) the C: N ratio of litter tended to decrease, and N addition may accelerate its decomposition rate, (iii) N deposition increased the soil organic carbon (SOC) and N: P ratio, decreased the C: N ratio, negatively impacted microbial biomass C, N, P, and its effects on extracellular enzyme activities (EEAs) showed considerable variability, (iv) the response of forest stoichiometric characteristics was primarily influenced by the intensity and duration of N addition, while the forest’s own N-P resource availability also largely determined the outcome of stoichiometric response, (v) plants adapt to increased N availability by adjusting nutrient allocation, biomass distribution across organs, and nutrient resorption, (vi) changes in the composition and function of microbial communities were key mechanisms by which N deposition affects soil-microbe stoichiometry. This research helps to understand the dynamics of elemental cycling and ecological effects in forests under climate change, which is crucial for the protection of forest ecosystem stability and sustainable management.