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<p>Cadmium accumulates in vineyard soil and affects plant growth and basic functions. Yet, despite being a staple fruit, there is a scarcity of studies that have investigated its effect on grapes. Thus, this study investigated the effects of cadmium on nutrient content, physio-biochemical properties, secondary metabolites, and osmolyte components in six grapevine rootstocks (SO4, 3309 M, Kanzhen 3, Beida, 5BB, and 101–14) to evaluate their response and tolerance to cadmium stress.Physiological, chemical, and biochemical parameters, along with secondary metabolites and osmolyte production, were evaluated in grapevine rootstocks exposed to five cadmium concentrations (0, 5, 10, 15, and 20 mg kg⁻¹) after 28 days of stress exposure, accompanied by principal component analysis and correlation assessment. Cadmium stress reduced chlorophyll fluorescence contents, photosynthetic characteristics, and N, P, and Zn uptake in all six rootstocks with increased cadmium doses, while increasing cadmium stress accumulated cadmium and leaf vapor pressure deficit levels in leaves. Cadmium stress also boosted lipid peroxidation, hydrogen peroxide, superoxide anion, and electrolyte leakage, activating the antioxidant system, secondary metabolites, and osmolyte production. Significant differences were observed among all rootstocks and cadmium doses (P &lt; 0.05) in their response to stress. The ‘SO4’ and ‘3309 M’ rootstocks exhibited the highest tolerance to cadmium stress, while ‘Kanzhen 3, Beida, and 5BB’ demonstrated medium tolerance. In contrast, the ‘101–14’ rootstock showed the lowest tolerance based on the evaluated parameters.The ‘SO4’ and ‘3309 M’ rootstocks are considered a critical strategy to mitigate cadmium content in viticulture contaminated with cadmium.</p> Graphical Abstract <p></p>

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Physicochemical, Metabolite, Osmolyte Synthesis, and Enzymatic Alterations of Grapevine Rootstocks in Response to Cadmium Stress

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年10月23日

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  • Essam Elatafi,
  • Basma Elhendawy,
  • Sabir Iqbal,
  • Shahzad Ali,
  • Abdelmonem Elshahat,
  • Abdul Hakeem,
  • Li Shaonan,
  • Abdelrahman Ibrahim,
  • Lingfei Shangguan,
  • Jinggui Fang

摘要

Cadmium accumulates in vineyard soil and affects plant growth and basic functions. Yet, despite being a staple fruit, there is a scarcity of studies that have investigated its effect on grapes. Thus, this study investigated the effects of cadmium on nutrient content, physio-biochemical properties, secondary metabolites, and osmolyte components in six grapevine rootstocks (SO4, 3309 M, Kanzhen 3, Beida, 5BB, and 101–14) to evaluate their response and tolerance to cadmium stress.Physiological, chemical, and biochemical parameters, along with secondary metabolites and osmolyte production, were evaluated in grapevine rootstocks exposed to five cadmium concentrations (0, 5, 10, 15, and 20 mg kg⁻¹) after 28 days of stress exposure, accompanied by principal component analysis and correlation assessment. Cadmium stress reduced chlorophyll fluorescence contents, photosynthetic characteristics, and N, P, and Zn uptake in all six rootstocks with increased cadmium doses, while increasing cadmium stress accumulated cadmium and leaf vapor pressure deficit levels in leaves. Cadmium stress also boosted lipid peroxidation, hydrogen peroxide, superoxide anion, and electrolyte leakage, activating the antioxidant system, secondary metabolites, and osmolyte production. Significant differences were observed among all rootstocks and cadmium doses (P < 0.05) in their response to stress. The ‘SO4’ and ‘3309 M’ rootstocks exhibited the highest tolerance to cadmium stress, while ‘Kanzhen 3, Beida, and 5BB’ demonstrated medium tolerance. In contrast, the ‘101–14’ rootstock showed the lowest tolerance based on the evaluated parameters.The ‘SO4’ and ‘3309 M’ rootstocks are considered a critical strategy to mitigate cadmium content in viticulture contaminated with cadmium.

Graphical Abstract