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<p>Salinity stress is a major abiotic factor limiting wheat productivity by impairing growth, development, and ultimately grain yield and quality. The seedling stage is particularly sensitive to salinity. This study aimed to evaluate the salinity tolerance potential of sixteen wheat genotypes categorized as tolerant, moderately tolerant, and sensitive.&#xa0;Physiological, biochemical, and molecular responses were assessed under salinity levels of 0 (Control), 50 (T1), 100 (T2), and 150 (T3) mM NaCl during the seedling stage in a hydroponic setup.&#xa0;Salinity stress significantly reduced shoot length, root length, fresh weight, and chlorophyll content across all genotypes. Sensitive cultivars showed elevated hydrogen peroxide and malondialdehyde levels, with maximum accumulation in K9162 (3.61 µmol g⁻¹ FW) and HD2009 (5.72 µmol g⁻¹ FW) under T3. In contrast, tolerant genotypes maintained higher catalase activity, glutathione content, and chlorophyll levels. Notably, this is the first report of a marked down-regulation of key starch biosynthesis genes (<i>SSI</i>,<i> SS2b</i>,<i> SBE1</i>,<i> SBE2a</i>, and <i>SS4</i>) in sensitive genotypes under salinity stress, with the greatest repression in <i>SS1</i> and <i>SBE2a</i> under T3 (<i>p</i> ≤ 0.05).&#xa0;The findings highlight the interplay of morphological, biochemical, and molecular mechanisms in salinity tolerance, emphasizing the role of starch metabolism. Moreover, 150 mM NaCl is identified as the optimal concentration for preliminary screening of salt-tolerant genotypes under hydroponics. This study provides mechanistic insights and identifies practical physiological and molecular markers to accelerate the breeding of salt-resilient wheat for improved performance in saline environments.</p>

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Unveiling Salt Stress Responses at Early Vegetative Stage: Growth Parameters, Oxidative Stress Response, and Starch Synthesis in Wheat Genotypes

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年12月12日

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  • Neha Patwa,
  • Vanita Pandey,
  • Om Parkash Gupta,
  • Anita Yadav,
  • Sunil Kumar,
  • Sewa Ram,
  • Ratan Tiwari

摘要

Salinity stress is a major abiotic factor limiting wheat productivity by impairing growth, development, and ultimately grain yield and quality. The seedling stage is particularly sensitive to salinity. This study aimed to evaluate the salinity tolerance potential of sixteen wheat genotypes categorized as tolerant, moderately tolerant, and sensitive. Physiological, biochemical, and molecular responses were assessed under salinity levels of 0 (Control), 50 (T1), 100 (T2), and 150 (T3) mM NaCl during the seedling stage in a hydroponic setup. Salinity stress significantly reduced shoot length, root length, fresh weight, and chlorophyll content across all genotypes. Sensitive cultivars showed elevated hydrogen peroxide and malondialdehyde levels, with maximum accumulation in K9162 (3.61 µmol g⁻¹ FW) and HD2009 (5.72 µmol g⁻¹ FW) under T3. In contrast, tolerant genotypes maintained higher catalase activity, glutathione content, and chlorophyll levels. Notably, this is the first report of a marked down-regulation of key starch biosynthesis genes (SSI, SS2b, SBE1, SBE2a, and SS4) in sensitive genotypes under salinity stress, with the greatest repression in SS1 and SBE2a under T3 (p ≤ 0.05). The findings highlight the interplay of morphological, biochemical, and molecular mechanisms in salinity tolerance, emphasizing the role of starch metabolism. Moreover, 150 mM NaCl is identified as the optimal concentration for preliminary screening of salt-tolerant genotypes under hydroponics. This study provides mechanistic insights and identifies practical physiological and molecular markers to accelerate the breeding of salt-resilient wheat for improved performance in saline environments.