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Purpose <p>The rice-wheat cropping system is the predominant method of cultivation in the North-Western states of India, specifically within the Indo-Gangetic plains. The open burning of rice waste is commonly utilized for efficient land preparation; yet, it poses considerable detrimental effects on the environment and human health. These encompass greenhouse gas emissions, nutritional depletion, increased levels of particulate matter (PM), and disturbance of biological cycles. This research seeks to examine the application of effective management strategies in the rice-wheat cropping system, through the utilization of Biochar-based amendment in order to augment crop yield and improve its attributes.</p> Materials <p>The study employed a randomized block design, with 3 replications and 9 treatments. Rice crop cultivated in summer season and wheat crop cultivated in winter season for two years.</p> Results <p>The study’s findings indicated that biochar combinations with manures and fertilizers exhibited varying effects on Nitrogen (N), Phosphorus (P), and Potassium (K) uptake in both grain and straw, number of panicles/spikes per plant, grains per panicle/spike, panicle/spike length, and 1000-grain weight grain and straw yields, Nitrogen use efficiency, Phosphorous use efficiency and Potassium use efficiency across different growing conditions and types of cultivated crops. In case of rice crop 50% Recommended dose of fertilizer (RDF) + 50% Poultry manure (PM) + Biochar and in case of wheat crop 50%RDF + 50% Farm Yard Manure (FYM) + Biochar show superiority over other treatments. The growth and productivity of the tested crops more than those of the control and NPK fertilizer application. The combination of rice straw biochar and farmyard manure, along with NPK, is considered an efficient improvement to the soil for highland crop production, specifically wheat in case of grain and straw yield. The optimal amendment for rice cultivation to improve production, nutrient absorption, and nutrient utilization efficiency is a combination of rice straw biochar, 50% poultry manure, and 50% NPK fertilizers.</p> Conclusion <p>The study concluded that the application of biochar enhanced crop yields in comparison to both standard NPK fertilizer and non-fertilizer applications within the rice-wheat cropping system.</p> Graphical Abstract <p></p>

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Assessing the Effect of Biochar-Based Amendments on Crop Yield, Nutrient Uptake, and Use Efficiency Over Two Years in a Rice–Wheat Cropping System

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年8月19日

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  • Anita Jaswal,
  • Chandra Mohan Mehta,
  • Arshdeep Singh

摘要

Purpose

The rice-wheat cropping system is the predominant method of cultivation in the North-Western states of India, specifically within the Indo-Gangetic plains. The open burning of rice waste is commonly utilized for efficient land preparation; yet, it poses considerable detrimental effects on the environment and human health. These encompass greenhouse gas emissions, nutritional depletion, increased levels of particulate matter (PM), and disturbance of biological cycles. This research seeks to examine the application of effective management strategies in the rice-wheat cropping system, through the utilization of Biochar-based amendment in order to augment crop yield and improve its attributes.

Materials

The study employed a randomized block design, with 3 replications and 9 treatments. Rice crop cultivated in summer season and wheat crop cultivated in winter season for two years.

Results

The study’s findings indicated that biochar combinations with manures and fertilizers exhibited varying effects on Nitrogen (N), Phosphorus (P), and Potassium (K) uptake in both grain and straw, number of panicles/spikes per plant, grains per panicle/spike, panicle/spike length, and 1000-grain weight grain and straw yields, Nitrogen use efficiency, Phosphorous use efficiency and Potassium use efficiency across different growing conditions and types of cultivated crops. In case of rice crop 50% Recommended dose of fertilizer (RDF) + 50% Poultry manure (PM) + Biochar and in case of wheat crop 50%RDF + 50% Farm Yard Manure (FYM) + Biochar show superiority over other treatments. The growth and productivity of the tested crops more than those of the control and NPK fertilizer application. The combination of rice straw biochar and farmyard manure, along with NPK, is considered an efficient improvement to the soil for highland crop production, specifically wheat in case of grain and straw yield. The optimal amendment for rice cultivation to improve production, nutrient absorption, and nutrient utilization efficiency is a combination of rice straw biochar, 50% poultry manure, and 50% NPK fertilizers.

Conclusion

The study concluded that the application of biochar enhanced crop yields in comparison to both standard NPK fertilizer and non-fertilizer applications within the rice-wheat cropping system.

Graphical Abstract