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<p>As climate change accelerates, heat stress has emerged as a formidable threat to maize cultivation, adversely affecting plant growth, biomass, and yield. This study addressed the urgent need to understand and mitigate the effects of heat stress on maize. We screened seven maize cultivars, FH-1046, FH-116, JPL1908, FH-1743, YH1898, 922, FH-1012, FH-988, and FH988, to evaluate their tolerance to elevated heat stress. Our screening experiment identified FH-1046 as heat-resistant, and FH-1743 as heat-sensitive. In the subsequent phase, we optimized the ferulic acid (FA) doses to combat heat stress. The final phase assessed efficacy of FA in ameliorating the heat-induced damage. The impact of FA foliar application (0, 100, and 150&#xa0;mg L⁻¹) was evaluated on maize plants subjected to 45 ℃ heat stress. Heat stress markedly elevated reactive oxygen species (ROS), causing significant oxidative stress and lipid peroxidation, with the most pronounced effects observed in FH-1743. In contrast, FA foliar spray substantially mitigated oxidative damage by enhancing antioxidant enzyme activities and levels of antioxidant compounds that maintained redox balance and preserved the integrity of the photosynthetic apparatus. Ferulic acid increased total soluble sugars, phenolics, flavonoids, and glutathione levels that regulated plant responses to heat stress. The results indicated the intricate participation of FA in mediating plant responses to heat stress through upregulation of oxidative defense, osmoregulation, photosynthetic efficiency, secondary metabolism and ion homeostasis, indicating FA efficiency in improving maize tolerance to increasing temperature.</p>

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Ferulic Acid Mediated Regulation of Physiological and Biochemical Responses of Maize (Zea mays L.) Under Heat Stress

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年8月19日

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  • Khadija Munir,
  • Nusrat Parveen,
  • Iqbal Hussain,
  • Nudrat Aisha Akram

摘要

As climate change accelerates, heat stress has emerged as a formidable threat to maize cultivation, adversely affecting plant growth, biomass, and yield. This study addressed the urgent need to understand and mitigate the effects of heat stress on maize. We screened seven maize cultivars, FH-1046, FH-116, JPL1908, FH-1743, YH1898, 922, FH-1012, FH-988, and FH988, to evaluate their tolerance to elevated heat stress. Our screening experiment identified FH-1046 as heat-resistant, and FH-1743 as heat-sensitive. In the subsequent phase, we optimized the ferulic acid (FA) doses to combat heat stress. The final phase assessed efficacy of FA in ameliorating the heat-induced damage. The impact of FA foliar application (0, 100, and 150 mg L⁻¹) was evaluated on maize plants subjected to 45 ℃ heat stress. Heat stress markedly elevated reactive oxygen species (ROS), causing significant oxidative stress and lipid peroxidation, with the most pronounced effects observed in FH-1743. In contrast, FA foliar spray substantially mitigated oxidative damage by enhancing antioxidant enzyme activities and levels of antioxidant compounds that maintained redox balance and preserved the integrity of the photosynthetic apparatus. Ferulic acid increased total soluble sugars, phenolics, flavonoids, and glutathione levels that regulated plant responses to heat stress. The results indicated the intricate participation of FA in mediating plant responses to heat stress through upregulation of oxidative defense, osmoregulation, photosynthetic efficiency, secondary metabolism and ion homeostasis, indicating FA efficiency in improving maize tolerance to increasing temperature.