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<p>Under natural conditions, soil is frequently influenced by external substances such as chemical substances, heavy metals, organic pollutants and so on, subsequently eliciting chemical and biological responses. Our aim is to offer a theoretical foundation for assessing the biosafety of graphene and evaluating its environmental impacts on zonal soil fungal communities in Northeast China. In this study, zonal Haplic Cambisols from the forest region of Northeast China were selected as the research subject for indoor cultivation experiments. Haplic Cambisols were amended with graphene at concentrations of 0, 10, 100, and 1000&#xa0;mg·kg<sup>− 1</sup> (designated CK, A1, A2, and A3, respectively) and cadmium (Cd) at a concentration of 10&#xa0;mg·kg<sup>− 1</sup> was applied on days 15 (d15), 30 (d30), 45 (d45), and 60 (d60) after processing. Compared with the control (CK), the various graphene concentrations reduced the fungal community abundance index in Cd-contaminated Haplic Cambisols on d15, d30, and d60, especially with a significant decrease observed on d30. Different concentrations of graphene generally reduced the fungal community diversity and inhibited the growth and development of certain dominant bacteria, such as <i>Mortierellomycota</i>, at all treatment durations except d30. Under the same graphene concentration, the Shannon diversity index significantly decreased as the treatment duration increased. The addition of graphene also influenced the soil chemistry, with the pH value (pH) increasing on d15 and d30 but significantly decreasing on d45 and d60; the hydrolytic nitrogen (HN) content changed significantly even with a small amount of graphene, whereas the available phosphorus (AP) content generally increased. However, no notable changes were observed in the available potassium (AK) content. Graphene significantly altered fungal community structure and chemical properties varying with its concentration over different time periods under cadmium-polluted conditions. The concentration of graphene had the greatest influence on the soil fungal community, contributing 36.3% of the variation in the fungal community (<i>P</i> &lt; 0.01).</p>

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Effects of Graphene on the Fungal Community Diversity and Soil Chemical Properties in Haplic Cambisols Polluted with Cd

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年8月12日

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  • LingYun Bai,
  • Jinming Wei,
  • Yunlong Liu,
  • Guangze Jin,
  • Ying Sang,
  • Jinfeng Song

摘要

Under natural conditions, soil is frequently influenced by external substances such as chemical substances, heavy metals, organic pollutants and so on, subsequently eliciting chemical and biological responses. Our aim is to offer a theoretical foundation for assessing the biosafety of graphene and evaluating its environmental impacts on zonal soil fungal communities in Northeast China. In this study, zonal Haplic Cambisols from the forest region of Northeast China were selected as the research subject for indoor cultivation experiments. Haplic Cambisols were amended with graphene at concentrations of 0, 10, 100, and 1000 mg·kg− 1 (designated CK, A1, A2, and A3, respectively) and cadmium (Cd) at a concentration of 10 mg·kg− 1 was applied on days 15 (d15), 30 (d30), 45 (d45), and 60 (d60) after processing. Compared with the control (CK), the various graphene concentrations reduced the fungal community abundance index in Cd-contaminated Haplic Cambisols on d15, d30, and d60, especially with a significant decrease observed on d30. Different concentrations of graphene generally reduced the fungal community diversity and inhibited the growth and development of certain dominant bacteria, such as Mortierellomycota, at all treatment durations except d30. Under the same graphene concentration, the Shannon diversity index significantly decreased as the treatment duration increased. The addition of graphene also influenced the soil chemistry, with the pH value (pH) increasing on d15 and d30 but significantly decreasing on d45 and d60; the hydrolytic nitrogen (HN) content changed significantly even with a small amount of graphene, whereas the available phosphorus (AP) content generally increased. However, no notable changes were observed in the available potassium (AK) content. Graphene significantly altered fungal community structure and chemical properties varying with its concentration over different time periods under cadmium-polluted conditions. The concentration of graphene had the greatest influence on the soil fungal community, contributing 36.3% of the variation in the fungal community (P < 0.01).