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Purpose <p>Carbon (C) sequestration in soils primarily relies on the management of soil organic C (SOC). In the lowland Terai region of tropical eastern India in the lower ranges of the Himalayas receiving &gt; 3000&#xa0;mm rainfall annually, managing SOC using different soil and crop management strategies is challenging. This study aimed to assess the long-term effects of conventional tillage (CT), zero tillage (ZT), crop residue (R) incorporation/mulching, and application of biofertilizers (B) on soil C sequestration and yield sustainability in the annual rice-wheat cropping system in the Terai region.</p> Methods <p>In the 16th cycle of a long-term rice-wheat experiment with eight treatments (ZT, ZTR, ZTB, ZTRB, CT, CTR, CTB, and CTRB) in permanent plots laid out in a complete randomized block design, soil samples from different treatment plots were analyzed for various pools and fractions of soil organic C, SOC stocks, C sequestration and C retention efficiency.</p> Results <p>Soil organic C in the best-performing treatment (ZTRB) increased by 17% and 26% over the ZT and CT treatments. Significant increases in the active C pool, SOC stocks and cumulative C sequestration rate in the soil were observed in ZTRB and CTRB treatments compared to CT treatment. Irrespective of tillage practices, while incorporating R enhanced C accrual and C retention efficiency, both R and B enhanced the C accumulation. C retention efficiency was significantly higher in the ZTRB (10%) and ZTR (9.8%) treatments over the CTB (6.9%) and CT (6.4%) treatments. C retention efficiency and cumulative SOC sequestration rate were linearly related to cumulative C input. Integration of R and B with ZT and CT led to increased rice-wheat system productivity by 9.4% and 5.9% over the corresponding control treatment (ZT/CT), respectively.</p> Conclusions <p>Efficient management of R and B significantly influenced soil health, crop productivity, and ecosystem stability, outweighing the effects of tillage practices. This study emphatically reveals that practicing ZT and recycling R retention constitute important management strategies to achieve sustainable crop productivity and maintenance of soil health in terms of improving organic C pools.</p>

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Soil Carbon Sequestration and Yield Sustainability in the Lowland Terai Region of India

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年7月10日

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  • Rajeev Padbhushan,
  • Abhas Kumar Sinha,
  • Upendra Kumar,
  • Prateek M. Bhattacharya,
  • Parthendu Poddar,
  • Achin Kumar,
  • Y. K. Singh,
  • Rajkishore Kumar,
  • A. K. Jha,
  • Brajendra Parmar,
  • Bijay Singh

摘要

Purpose

Carbon (C) sequestration in soils primarily relies on the management of soil organic C (SOC). In the lowland Terai region of tropical eastern India in the lower ranges of the Himalayas receiving > 3000 mm rainfall annually, managing SOC using different soil and crop management strategies is challenging. This study aimed to assess the long-term effects of conventional tillage (CT), zero tillage (ZT), crop residue (R) incorporation/mulching, and application of biofertilizers (B) on soil C sequestration and yield sustainability in the annual rice-wheat cropping system in the Terai region.

Methods

In the 16th cycle of a long-term rice-wheat experiment with eight treatments (ZT, ZTR, ZTB, ZTRB, CT, CTR, CTB, and CTRB) in permanent plots laid out in a complete randomized block design, soil samples from different treatment plots were analyzed for various pools and fractions of soil organic C, SOC stocks, C sequestration and C retention efficiency.

Results

Soil organic C in the best-performing treatment (ZTRB) increased by 17% and 26% over the ZT and CT treatments. Significant increases in the active C pool, SOC stocks and cumulative C sequestration rate in the soil were observed in ZTRB and CTRB treatments compared to CT treatment. Irrespective of tillage practices, while incorporating R enhanced C accrual and C retention efficiency, both R and B enhanced the C accumulation. C retention efficiency was significantly higher in the ZTRB (10%) and ZTR (9.8%) treatments over the CTB (6.9%) and CT (6.4%) treatments. C retention efficiency and cumulative SOC sequestration rate were linearly related to cumulative C input. Integration of R and B with ZT and CT led to increased rice-wheat system productivity by 9.4% and 5.9% over the corresponding control treatment (ZT/CT), respectively.

Conclusions

Efficient management of R and B significantly influenced soil health, crop productivity, and ecosystem stability, outweighing the effects of tillage practices. This study emphatically reveals that practicing ZT and recycling R retention constitute important management strategies to achieve sustainable crop productivity and maintenance of soil health in terms of improving organic C pools.