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<p>Soil particle size plays a pivotal role in phosphorus (P) cycling in terrestrial ecosystems. Here, a field experiment lasting 32 years was performed to investigate the influences of long-term fertilization on forms and availability of inorganic P (IP) and organic P (OP) within particle-size fractions in a Mollisol. The experiment included unfertilized control, mineral fertilizers (nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium), manure (30,000 and 60,000&#xa0;kg ha<sup>–1</sup>), and mineral fertilizers combined with manure. Phosphorus forms and availability in sand- (2000–50&#xa0;μm), silt- (50–2&#xa0;μm), and clay-size fractions (&lt; 2&#xa0;μm) were determined by chemical fractionation, phosphorus-31 nuclear magnetic resonance, and enzymatic hydrolysis methods. The concentrations of various P forms were generally greater in silt-size fraction compared to sand- and clay-size fractions. Moreover, sand-size fraction contained 1.48–2.50 times more labile IP and enzymatically hydrolysable OP but less enzymatically non-hydrolysable P relative to clay-size fraction. Independent of particle-size fractions, various forms of P generally displayed higher concentrations in the treatments with than without manure and with high than with low manure rate. Phosphatase was significant factors in shaping total P and P forms associated with soil particle-size fractions. Manure amendment indirectly influenced P forms and availability by affecting phosphatase activity. The combined application of mineral fertilizers and high manure rate is more effective in enhancing P availability in soil. This study provides valuable insights for understanding dynamics of P in soil and for achieving sustainable management of P in agro-ecosystems.</p>

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Influences of Long-Term Fertilization on Phosphorus Forms and Availability Within Particle-Size Fractions in a Mollisol

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年7月5日

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  • Jinjing Zhang,
  • Yuanhong Sun,
  • Jiayi Tang,
  • Cuilan Li,
  • Mo Zhu,
  • Ping Zhu

摘要

Soil particle size plays a pivotal role in phosphorus (P) cycling in terrestrial ecosystems. Here, a field experiment lasting 32 years was performed to investigate the influences of long-term fertilization on forms and availability of inorganic P (IP) and organic P (OP) within particle-size fractions in a Mollisol. The experiment included unfertilized control, mineral fertilizers (nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium), manure (30,000 and 60,000 kg ha–1), and mineral fertilizers combined with manure. Phosphorus forms and availability in sand- (2000–50 μm), silt- (50–2 μm), and clay-size fractions (< 2 μm) were determined by chemical fractionation, phosphorus-31 nuclear magnetic resonance, and enzymatic hydrolysis methods. The concentrations of various P forms were generally greater in silt-size fraction compared to sand- and clay-size fractions. Moreover, sand-size fraction contained 1.48–2.50 times more labile IP and enzymatically hydrolysable OP but less enzymatically non-hydrolysable P relative to clay-size fraction. Independent of particle-size fractions, various forms of P generally displayed higher concentrations in the treatments with than without manure and with high than with low manure rate. Phosphatase was significant factors in shaping total P and P forms associated with soil particle-size fractions. Manure amendment indirectly influenced P forms and availability by affecting phosphatase activity. The combined application of mineral fertilizers and high manure rate is more effective in enhancing P availability in soil. This study provides valuable insights for understanding dynamics of P in soil and for achieving sustainable management of P in agro-ecosystems.