<p>The ecological effect of elevated surface ozone (O₃) on rhizosphere soil has been poorly known. The objective was to investigate the alterations of physicochemical indices and microbial communities of the rhizosphere soil of plants from elevated surface O₃. We investigated the effects of O₃ fumigation (charcoal-filtered air, CF, and environmental air + 60 ppb O₃, NF) on the rhizosphere soil of <i>Acer negundo</i> and <i>A. mono</i> Maxim. in open-top chambers (OTCs). Physicochemical indices and key extracellular enzyme activities were measured, and bacterial 16&#xa0;S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing and fungal ITS region sequencing were finished. The results showed that the sensitivity of <i>A. negundo</i> to O₃ stress was significantly higher than that of <i>A. mono</i> Maxim. O₃ fumigation led to a significant increase in rhizosphere soil pH for both tree species. After O₃ fumigation, the activities of 4 enzymes in rhizosphere soil of <i>A. negundo</i> decreased significantly. The relative abundances of <i>Ascomycetes</i>,<i> Rozellomycota</i>, and <i>Basidiomycetes</i> changed significantly, with the relative abundance of beneficial fungi decreasing notably. A significant negative correlation was found between fungal community diversity and available phosphorus. Both bacterial communities showed resilience, with no significant alterations. O₃ stress led to significant alterations in the rhizosphere soil pH level, enzyme activity and fungal community. <i>A. mono</i> Maxim. displayed significantly greater resistance to O₃ stress than <i>A. negundo</i>. In terms of nutrients, the rhizosphere soil changes caused by O₃ restructured available phosphorus. Elevated surface O₃ might lead to changes in nutrient availability and resource redistribution.</p>