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<p><b>Background:</b> Heat waves following anthesis significantly affect leaf physiology and grain yield of bread wheat in most parts of the world. <b>Purpose:</b> The aim of this study was to measure the impact of heat damage on wheat leaf physiology and grain yield, as well as to develop a technique to recover from heat induced damage by applying zinc (Zn), which plays a role in leaf physiology, plant defense, enzyme activation and membrane stability under abiotic stresses. <b>Methods:</b> Wheat genotypes, Anaj-17 (relatively heat susceptible) and Ujala-16 (relatively heat tolerant), were grown in pots and subjected to heat stress for seven days under polythene sheets one and two-weeks after anthesis (Zodak 69 and 71). Before the imposition of heat stress, wheat plants were sprayed with 0.2% Zn as ZnSO4. The experiment was conducted in completely randomized design with split factorial arrangements. <b>Results:</b> Averaged over the second week after anthesis of 2019 and the first week after anthesis of 2020, the seven days of heat stress reduced the grain numbers per spike, individual grain weight, 1000 grain weight, flag leaf senescence, net photosynthetic rate and stomatal conductance by 32%, 22%, 33%, 32%, 29% and 28%, respectively, while relative cell injury was increased by 38% compared to control (ambient) plants. More heat damage was observed in Anaj-17 over the Ujala-16. Foliar application of Zn at high temperatures resulted in higher heat tolerance in the Ujala-16 over the Anaj-17. Application of Zn increased grain weight, grain numbers and antioxidants by 18%, 14% and 100% while reduced the flag leaf senescence by 20% averaged across the high temperature regimes of both study years over the control treatment. <b>Conclusions:</b> Further studies are needed under field conditions to generalize the findings that wheat crops would.</p>

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Exogenous Zinc Alleviates Post-Anthesis Heat Stress by Improving the Defense Mechanism and Leaf Physiology of Bread Wheat

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年6月18日

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  • Muhammad Sarwar,
  • Muhammad Farrukh Saleem,
  • Aleena Anwar,
  • Hassaan Ahmad,
  • Basharat Ali,
  • Muhammad Shahid,
  • Abeer Hashem,
  • Ajay Kumar,
  • Elsayed Fathi Abd-Allah

摘要

Background: Heat waves following anthesis significantly affect leaf physiology and grain yield of bread wheat in most parts of the world. Purpose: The aim of this study was to measure the impact of heat damage on wheat leaf physiology and grain yield, as well as to develop a technique to recover from heat induced damage by applying zinc (Zn), which plays a role in leaf physiology, plant defense, enzyme activation and membrane stability under abiotic stresses. Methods: Wheat genotypes, Anaj-17 (relatively heat susceptible) and Ujala-16 (relatively heat tolerant), were grown in pots and subjected to heat stress for seven days under polythene sheets one and two-weeks after anthesis (Zodak 69 and 71). Before the imposition of heat stress, wheat plants were sprayed with 0.2% Zn as ZnSO4. The experiment was conducted in completely randomized design with split factorial arrangements. Results: Averaged over the second week after anthesis of 2019 and the first week after anthesis of 2020, the seven days of heat stress reduced the grain numbers per spike, individual grain weight, 1000 grain weight, flag leaf senescence, net photosynthetic rate and stomatal conductance by 32%, 22%, 33%, 32%, 29% and 28%, respectively, while relative cell injury was increased by 38% compared to control (ambient) plants. More heat damage was observed in Anaj-17 over the Ujala-16. Foliar application of Zn at high temperatures resulted in higher heat tolerance in the Ujala-16 over the Anaj-17. Application of Zn increased grain weight, grain numbers and antioxidants by 18%, 14% and 100% while reduced the flag leaf senescence by 20% averaged across the high temperature regimes of both study years over the control treatment. Conclusions: Further studies are needed under field conditions to generalize the findings that wheat crops would.