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<p>Low molecular weight organic acids (LMWOAs) are often used to enhance the uptake of cadmium (Cd) by plants in metal-contaminated soils, either by forming soluble Cd-LMWOA complexes, or acidifying soil to enhance the Cd mobility. How important the complexing capability and acid strength (difference in pH between LMWOAs and pH-adjusted LMWOAs) of LMWOAs in uptake of Cd by plant is not clearly understood. Three common LMWOAs (citric acid, malic acid, and oxalic acid) were added into Cd-contaminated acidic soils to explore their effects and mechanisms on the uptake of Cd in maize (<i>Zea mays</i>) organs, root morphology, soil diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid (DTPA)-extracted Cd, Cd fractionation, and soil pH. Both solutions increased the uptake of Cd (17–108%, <i>P</i> &lt; 0.05) in maize roots. The concentrations of Cd in maize roots were 11–26% (<i>P</i> &lt; 0.05) higher with the LMWOAs than with the pH-adjusted LMWOAs. Similar effects of the LMWOAs and pH-adjusted LMWOAs were observed on soil DTPA-extracted Cd and exchangeable Cd. Moreover, the pH-adjusted LMWOAs led to an increase of 10–19% (<i>P</i> &lt; 0.05) in root length, 6–10% (<i>P</i> &lt; 0.05) in root surface area, and 16–25% (<i>P</i> &lt; 0.01) in root volume. In addition, soil pH levels were reduced by 0.35–0.68 by the LMWOAs, but not by the pH-adjusted LMWOAs. The addition of LMWOAs and pH-adjusted LMWOAs into Cd-contaminated acidic soils can enhance the uptake of Cd by maize. It is concluded that the complexing ability of LMWOAs plays a dominated role in affecting Cd availability and uptake by maize.</p> Graphical Abstract <p></p>

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Low Molecular Weight Organic Acids Promote Uptake of Cadmium by Maize (Zea mays L.) in Cadmium-Contaminated Acidic Soils

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年5月22日

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  • Yongzhuang Wang,
  • Ying Han,
  • Long Yang,
  • Liujie Wu,
  • Weijun Wu,
  • Gang Hu,
  • Xinyu Wang,
  • Xinying Zhang,
  • Zhonghua Zhang

摘要

Low molecular weight organic acids (LMWOAs) are often used to enhance the uptake of cadmium (Cd) by plants in metal-contaminated soils, either by forming soluble Cd-LMWOA complexes, or acidifying soil to enhance the Cd mobility. How important the complexing capability and acid strength (difference in pH between LMWOAs and pH-adjusted LMWOAs) of LMWOAs in uptake of Cd by plant is not clearly understood. Three common LMWOAs (citric acid, malic acid, and oxalic acid) were added into Cd-contaminated acidic soils to explore their effects and mechanisms on the uptake of Cd in maize (Zea mays) organs, root morphology, soil diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid (DTPA)-extracted Cd, Cd fractionation, and soil pH. Both solutions increased the uptake of Cd (17–108%, P < 0.05) in maize roots. The concentrations of Cd in maize roots were 11–26% (P < 0.05) higher with the LMWOAs than with the pH-adjusted LMWOAs. Similar effects of the LMWOAs and pH-adjusted LMWOAs were observed on soil DTPA-extracted Cd and exchangeable Cd. Moreover, the pH-adjusted LMWOAs led to an increase of 10–19% (P < 0.05) in root length, 6–10% (P < 0.05) in root surface area, and 16–25% (P < 0.01) in root volume. In addition, soil pH levels were reduced by 0.35–0.68 by the LMWOAs, but not by the pH-adjusted LMWOAs. The addition of LMWOAs and pH-adjusted LMWOAs into Cd-contaminated acidic soils can enhance the uptake of Cd by maize. It is concluded that the complexing ability of LMWOAs plays a dominated role in affecting Cd availability and uptake by maize.

Graphical Abstract