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<p>Improving our understanding of the soil microbial community and the factors driving these microorganisms in different extremely degraded alpine meadows can help to formulate strategies for effective grassland restoration. The vegetation characteristics, soil properties and bacterial community of extremely degraded alpine meadows were analysed in Haibei (YNG), Guoluo (DW) and Yushu (BT) Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture in the Qinghai Plateau. Furthermore, the effects of environmental factors on the bacterial community were studied using structural equation modelling (SEM). Among the severely degraded sites, YNG had the lowest soil organic carbon (11.46&#xa0;g· kg<sup>− 1</sup>, SOC) and total nitrogen (0.88&#xa0;g·kg<sup>− 1</sup>, TN) content, while DW had the highest sucrase (105.5&#xa0;mg· kg<sup>− 1</sup>) and urease (1.06&#xa0;mg· kg<sup>− 1</sup>) content. In contrast to BT and DW, the observed richness (Sobs) at YNG was significantly higher in the severely degraded sites than in the non-degraded meadows, which was reflected in the enrichment of Chloroflexi in YNG. Meanwhile, Gemmatimonadetes was enriched at BT and DW. Based on the functional prediction of the Phylogenetic Investigation of Communities by Reconstruction of Unobserved States (PICRUSt2), we found that the amino acid metabolism and energy metabolism were the highest at BT, while DW had the lowest signal transduction activity. SEM analysis showed the soil enzyme activity had the greatest effect on the bacterial community composition at YNG and BT, while at DW, soil fertility impacted the bacterial community composition the most. Bacterial function is an inherent property of the bacteria themselves. When bacterial taxa differ in abundance in different regions, the functions exhibited are not consistent. Bacterial community composition is inextricably linked to bacterial community function. Improving soil quality by adjusting environmental factors can further enhance bacterial community function. Grassland practitioners can effectively prevent and restore degraded grasslands, thereby maximising the conservation and management of grassland ecosystems. It is suggested that adding nitrogen fertiliser or retaining more litter to return nutrients to the soil at DW region should be considered. And application of bio-fertiliser or artificial grass establishment are good options to BT and YNG areas.</p>

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Drivers of Soil Bacterial Community Composition and Function in Extremely Degraded Alpine Meadows in Qinghai Plateau

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年5月15日

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  • Jiangqin Song,
  • Yali Yin,
  • Yan Liu,
  • Wen Zhao,
  • Qiqi Sui,
  • Jiuyan Huo,
  • Wenxian Zheng,
  • Shixiong Li

摘要

Improving our understanding of the soil microbial community and the factors driving these microorganisms in different extremely degraded alpine meadows can help to formulate strategies for effective grassland restoration. The vegetation characteristics, soil properties and bacterial community of extremely degraded alpine meadows were analysed in Haibei (YNG), Guoluo (DW) and Yushu (BT) Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture in the Qinghai Plateau. Furthermore, the effects of environmental factors on the bacterial community were studied using structural equation modelling (SEM). Among the severely degraded sites, YNG had the lowest soil organic carbon (11.46 g· kg− 1, SOC) and total nitrogen (0.88 g·kg− 1, TN) content, while DW had the highest sucrase (105.5 mg· kg− 1) and urease (1.06 mg· kg− 1) content. In contrast to BT and DW, the observed richness (Sobs) at YNG was significantly higher in the severely degraded sites than in the non-degraded meadows, which was reflected in the enrichment of Chloroflexi in YNG. Meanwhile, Gemmatimonadetes was enriched at BT and DW. Based on the functional prediction of the Phylogenetic Investigation of Communities by Reconstruction of Unobserved States (PICRUSt2), we found that the amino acid metabolism and energy metabolism were the highest at BT, while DW had the lowest signal transduction activity. SEM analysis showed the soil enzyme activity had the greatest effect on the bacterial community composition at YNG and BT, while at DW, soil fertility impacted the bacterial community composition the most. Bacterial function is an inherent property of the bacteria themselves. When bacterial taxa differ in abundance in different regions, the functions exhibited are not consistent. Bacterial community composition is inextricably linked to bacterial community function. Improving soil quality by adjusting environmental factors can further enhance bacterial community function. Grassland practitioners can effectively prevent and restore degraded grasslands, thereby maximising the conservation and management of grassland ecosystems. It is suggested that adding nitrogen fertiliser or retaining more litter to return nutrients to the soil at DW region should be considered. And application of bio-fertiliser or artificial grass establishment are good options to BT and YNG areas.