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<p>To investigate the impact of various fertilizer regimes on nitrogen dynamics in vegetable soils of the Erhai Lake Basin, a long-term field experiment was initiated in 2007, spanning 16&#xa0;years. The study aimed to evaluate vegetable yield and nitrogen loss under these fertilization methods to understand their influence on soil nitrogen balance. This experiment focused on a lettuce-cabbage cropping system and utilized five treatment groups: no fertilizer, organic fertilizer (OM), chemical fertilizer combined with organic fertilizer (NPK + OM), chemical fertilizer with added nitrogen (NPK + OM + N), and chemical fertilizer with added phosphorus (NPK + OM + P). The results indicated that the OM treatment significantly enhanced yield by 32.6% in the lettuce growing season and 15.9% during the cabbage growing season compared to the NPK + OM treatment. It also improved nitrogen use efficiencies and reduced nitrogen losses more effectively. Specifically, cumulative N₂O emissions decreased by 63.7% and 82.1% during the lettuce and cabbage growing seasons, respectively, under OM treatment. Similarly, NH₃ emissions were reduced by 95.5% and 95.0% across the two seasons. The OM treatment notably decreased total nitrogen (TN) and nitrate (NO₃<sup>−</sup>-N) runoff losses. Conversely, the NPK + OM + N treatment lowered nitrogen use efficiencies and increased nitrogen losses, including a significant rise in N₂O and NH₃ emissions during the crop-growing periods. Compared to this treatment, the OM treatment drastically cut cumulative N₂O emissions by 89.8% and 92.3% and NH₃ emissions by 98.7% and 98.2% across the lettuce and cabbage growing seasons, respectively. In terms of nitrogen balance, aside from the significantly higher values observed in the NPK + OM + N treatment, no notable differences were seen among the other treatments. During the lettuce growing season, nitrogen output was significantly lower in the OM treatment, with the majority found in the aboveground plant parts (approximately 81%). In contrast, in the NPK + OM, NPK + OM + N, and NPK + OM + P treatments, significant nitrogen losses occurred via other pathways, constituting about 61%-66% of total losses. During the cabbage season, aboveground plant parts accounted for the majority of nitrogen output, with 98.2% in the OM treatment and 94%–96% in the other chemical fertilizer treatments. The sole application of organic fertilizer can reduce nitrogen losses while maintaining yield, ensuring economic and environmental benefits.</p>

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Applying Organic Fertilizer Alone Can Reduce Nitrogen Losses While Ensuring High and Stable Yield in Vegetable Field: an Insight from a Fertilization Experiment in the Erhai Lake Watershed in Southwest China

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年5月13日

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  • Yongbo Xu,
  • Zhuoying Xu,
  • Xiuxian Li,
  • Weiwen Qiu,
  • Baokun Lei

摘要

To investigate the impact of various fertilizer regimes on nitrogen dynamics in vegetable soils of the Erhai Lake Basin, a long-term field experiment was initiated in 2007, spanning 16 years. The study aimed to evaluate vegetable yield and nitrogen loss under these fertilization methods to understand their influence on soil nitrogen balance. This experiment focused on a lettuce-cabbage cropping system and utilized five treatment groups: no fertilizer, organic fertilizer (OM), chemical fertilizer combined with organic fertilizer (NPK + OM), chemical fertilizer with added nitrogen (NPK + OM + N), and chemical fertilizer with added phosphorus (NPK + OM + P). The results indicated that the OM treatment significantly enhanced yield by 32.6% in the lettuce growing season and 15.9% during the cabbage growing season compared to the NPK + OM treatment. It also improved nitrogen use efficiencies and reduced nitrogen losses more effectively. Specifically, cumulative N₂O emissions decreased by 63.7% and 82.1% during the lettuce and cabbage growing seasons, respectively, under OM treatment. Similarly, NH₃ emissions were reduced by 95.5% and 95.0% across the two seasons. The OM treatment notably decreased total nitrogen (TN) and nitrate (NO₃−-N) runoff losses. Conversely, the NPK + OM + N treatment lowered nitrogen use efficiencies and increased nitrogen losses, including a significant rise in N₂O and NH₃ emissions during the crop-growing periods. Compared to this treatment, the OM treatment drastically cut cumulative N₂O emissions by 89.8% and 92.3% and NH₃ emissions by 98.7% and 98.2% across the lettuce and cabbage growing seasons, respectively. In terms of nitrogen balance, aside from the significantly higher values observed in the NPK + OM + N treatment, no notable differences were seen among the other treatments. During the lettuce growing season, nitrogen output was significantly lower in the OM treatment, with the majority found in the aboveground plant parts (approximately 81%). In contrast, in the NPK + OM, NPK + OM + N, and NPK + OM + P treatments, significant nitrogen losses occurred via other pathways, constituting about 61%-66% of total losses. During the cabbage season, aboveground plant parts accounted for the majority of nitrogen output, with 98.2% in the OM treatment and 94%–96% in the other chemical fertilizer treatments. The sole application of organic fertilizer can reduce nitrogen losses while maintaining yield, ensuring economic and environmental benefits.