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Purpose <p>The <i>STOP1-ALMT1</i> pathway and Fe accumulation are considered pivotal determinants of root adaptation to phosphorus deficiency in <i>Arabidopsis thaliana</i>, but the underlying mechanisms remain unclear in oats (<i>Avena sativa</i> L.). This study investigated oat root development dynamics under varying inorganic phosphorus (Pi) and iron (Fe) concentrations. It explored the influence of malate, Fe accumulation, callose deposition, and the expression patterns of <i>STOP1</i> and <i>ALMT1</i> homologs during Pi deficiency, Fe deficiency, and excess Fe.</p> Methods <p><i>Avena sativa</i> L. plants were grown in hydroponic solution with different Pi and Fe concentrations. Plant biomass and root growth parameters, root epidermal cell size and number, histochemical staining of callose and Fe, and the expression of <i>STOP1</i> and <i>ALMT1</i> homologs were analyzed. Exogenous malate was added to investigate its effect.</p> Results <p>Our findings reveal that oat plants under Pi deficiency in the presence of Fe reduced total root length and root diameter. Unlike <i>A. thaliana</i>, oat plants increased the length of their longest root and decreased the number of lateral roots. Roots became thinner, too. This outcome may be associated with a higher density of meristematic cells and elongation within the root tip. Fe predominantly accumulated in the apoplast of external root cell layers, suggesting it might not be the primary modulator of root architecture under Pi deficiency. Additionally, <i>ALMT1</i> didn´t seem to play a role in root remodeling, and malate positively affected total root growth.</p> Conclusions <p>Oat takes a different approach from <i>A. thaliana</i> to dealing with Pi deficiency. The changes may allow for the same soil depth despite less carbon investment. It may represent an evolution to cope with low energy without losing access to soil depth and water. Oat responds differently to Pi deficiency compared to <i>A. thaliana</i>.</p>

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Dynamics of Avena sativa L. Roots Under Phosphorus and Iron Variation

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年5月5日

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  • Jacqueline Flores Schmitz,
  • Matheus Reinicke Wünsche,
  • Tamara Pastori,
  • Fernanda Kayser Vargas,
  • Felipe Klein Ricachenevsky,
  • Alexandra Antunes Mastroberti,
  • Carla Andréa Delatorre

摘要

Purpose

The STOP1-ALMT1 pathway and Fe accumulation are considered pivotal determinants of root adaptation to phosphorus deficiency in Arabidopsis thaliana, but the underlying mechanisms remain unclear in oats (Avena sativa L.). This study investigated oat root development dynamics under varying inorganic phosphorus (Pi) and iron (Fe) concentrations. It explored the influence of malate, Fe accumulation, callose deposition, and the expression patterns of STOP1 and ALMT1 homologs during Pi deficiency, Fe deficiency, and excess Fe.

Methods

Avena sativa L. plants were grown in hydroponic solution with different Pi and Fe concentrations. Plant biomass and root growth parameters, root epidermal cell size and number, histochemical staining of callose and Fe, and the expression of STOP1 and ALMT1 homologs were analyzed. Exogenous malate was added to investigate its effect.

Results

Our findings reveal that oat plants under Pi deficiency in the presence of Fe reduced total root length and root diameter. Unlike A. thaliana, oat plants increased the length of their longest root and decreased the number of lateral roots. Roots became thinner, too. This outcome may be associated with a higher density of meristematic cells and elongation within the root tip. Fe predominantly accumulated in the apoplast of external root cell layers, suggesting it might not be the primary modulator of root architecture under Pi deficiency. Additionally, ALMT1 didn´t seem to play a role in root remodeling, and malate positively affected total root growth.

Conclusions

Oat takes a different approach from A. thaliana to dealing with Pi deficiency. The changes may allow for the same soil depth despite less carbon investment. It may represent an evolution to cope with low energy without losing access to soil depth and water. Oat responds differently to Pi deficiency compared to A. thaliana.