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<p>Toxic levels of chromium (Cr) are currently the largest problem facing plants in many soils. Although phytohormones such as melatonin (MT) and brassinostroid (BR) have demonstrated effectiveness in mitigating the deleterious consequences of heavy metal exposure, the role of CP in enhancing their effectiveness has not yet been explored. This study employed a distinctive approach to promote Cr resistance by using CP to enhance the efficiency of MT and BR. Summer savory (<i>Satureja hortensis</i> L.) seeds were treated with CP for 90&#xa0;s and cultivated in soil containing 100&#xa0;mg kg<sup>-1</sup> of Cr(VI). The plants were sprayed with MT (100 µM) and BR (1 µM) at the 4-leaf stage. While Cr toxicity decreased plant weight, chlorophyll (Chl), relative water content (RWC), and essential oil (EO) yield, it increased superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, catalase (CAT) activity, malondialdehyde (MDA), and electrolyte leakage (EL). CP was shown to be effective in increasing the efficiency of MT and BR. The co-application of MT and CP raised shoot weight (40%), root weight (26%), Chl a + b (27%), RWC (12%), and EO production (76%) in plants subjected to Cr stress. It also decreased MDA (20%) and Cr accumulation in roots (35%) and shoots (52%). The main components of EO profile were carvacrol, γ-terpinene, p-cymene, and α-terpinene. The heat map revealed that antioxidant enzymes showed the highest variability. This innovative method of reducing metal toxicity in plants utilizes advanced techniques and natural compounds to address agricultural challenges in an eco-friendly manner.</p>

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Cold Plasma Enhances Melatonin and Brassinosteroids Efficacy by Regulating Physio-Biochemical Characteristics in Summer Savory (Satureja hortensis L.) Exposed to Soil Chromium Toxicity

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年4月10日

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  • Zohreh Shirkhani,
  • Zahra Hassanabadi,
  • Mosleh Mohammad Abomughaid,
  • Hanan Hassan Ahmed,
  • Hussein Kamil Hamid

摘要

Toxic levels of chromium (Cr) are currently the largest problem facing plants in many soils. Although phytohormones such as melatonin (MT) and brassinostroid (BR) have demonstrated effectiveness in mitigating the deleterious consequences of heavy metal exposure, the role of CP in enhancing their effectiveness has not yet been explored. This study employed a distinctive approach to promote Cr resistance by using CP to enhance the efficiency of MT and BR. Summer savory (Satureja hortensis L.) seeds were treated with CP for 90 s and cultivated in soil containing 100 mg kg-1 of Cr(VI). The plants were sprayed with MT (100 µM) and BR (1 µM) at the 4-leaf stage. While Cr toxicity decreased plant weight, chlorophyll (Chl), relative water content (RWC), and essential oil (EO) yield, it increased superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, catalase (CAT) activity, malondialdehyde (MDA), and electrolyte leakage (EL). CP was shown to be effective in increasing the efficiency of MT and BR. The co-application of MT and CP raised shoot weight (40%), root weight (26%), Chl a + b (27%), RWC (12%), and EO production (76%) in plants subjected to Cr stress. It also decreased MDA (20%) and Cr accumulation in roots (35%) and shoots (52%). The main components of EO profile were carvacrol, γ-terpinene, p-cymene, and α-terpinene. The heat map revealed that antioxidant enzymes showed the highest variability. This innovative method of reducing metal toxicity in plants utilizes advanced techniques and natural compounds to address agricultural challenges in an eco-friendly manner.