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<p>Soil salinization significantly threatens global agriculture, especially in the western part of Northeast China, where 70% of arable land suffers from salinity due to irrigation and seawater intrusion. Rice, a salt-sensitive crop, experiences substantial yield reduction even under moderate salinization. This study aimed to compare the effects of neutral salt (NaCl) and alkaline salt (Na<sub>2</sub>CO<sub>3</sub> and NaHCO<sub>3</sub>) stress on rice seedlings, examining morpho-physiological responses to determine how alkaline stress uniquely impacts plant health. Rice seedlings were subjected to 40 mM NaCl, 20 mM Na<sub>2</sub>CO<sub>3</sub>, and 40 mM NaHCO<sub>3</sub> treatments for 36&#xa0;h. Key parameters measured included chlorophyll content, proline and soluble sugar levels, peroxidase activity (EC 1.11.1.7), total organic acids (TOA), and ascorbic acid (AsA) accumulation. Additionally, hormonal responses, including jasmonic acid (JA), abscisic acid (ABA), and indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), were analyzed to assess the physiological effects of each stress condition. Alkaline stress, particularly from Na<sub>2</sub>CO<sub>3</sub>, severely impaired the photosynthetic and antioxidant systems in rice seedlings, as evidenced by a marked reduction in chlorophyll content and increased levels of proline, soluble sugars, peroxidase activity, TOA, and AsA. Hormonal analysis showed a decrease in JA and an increase in ABA and IAA levels, indicating heightened physiological disruption under alkaline conditions compared to neutral salt stress. The study highlights the detrimental effects of alkaline salt stress on rice seedlings, exceeding those caused by neutral salt stress. These findings underscore the need for further research to elucidate the molecular mechanisms behind the sensitivity of rice to alkaline conditions, aiding the development of strategies to mitigate crop yield losses due to soil salinization.</p>

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Differential Responses of Rice Seedlings to Salt and Alkaline Stresses: Focus on Antioxidant Defense, Organic Acid Accumulation, and Hormonal Regulation

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年4月7日

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  • Elshan Musazade,
  • Zizhu Zhao,
  • Yuqing Shang,
  • Jiaxin He,
  • Zihao Wang,
  • Ming Wu,
  • Miao Xu,
  • Liquan Guo,
  • Xianzhong Feng

摘要

Soil salinization significantly threatens global agriculture, especially in the western part of Northeast China, where 70% of arable land suffers from salinity due to irrigation and seawater intrusion. Rice, a salt-sensitive crop, experiences substantial yield reduction even under moderate salinization. This study aimed to compare the effects of neutral salt (NaCl) and alkaline salt (Na2CO3 and NaHCO3) stress on rice seedlings, examining morpho-physiological responses to determine how alkaline stress uniquely impacts plant health. Rice seedlings were subjected to 40 mM NaCl, 20 mM Na2CO3, and 40 mM NaHCO3 treatments for 36 h. Key parameters measured included chlorophyll content, proline and soluble sugar levels, peroxidase activity (EC 1.11.1.7), total organic acids (TOA), and ascorbic acid (AsA) accumulation. Additionally, hormonal responses, including jasmonic acid (JA), abscisic acid (ABA), and indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), were analyzed to assess the physiological effects of each stress condition. Alkaline stress, particularly from Na2CO3, severely impaired the photosynthetic and antioxidant systems in rice seedlings, as evidenced by a marked reduction in chlorophyll content and increased levels of proline, soluble sugars, peroxidase activity, TOA, and AsA. Hormonal analysis showed a decrease in JA and an increase in ABA and IAA levels, indicating heightened physiological disruption under alkaline conditions compared to neutral salt stress. The study highlights the detrimental effects of alkaline salt stress on rice seedlings, exceeding those caused by neutral salt stress. These findings underscore the need for further research to elucidate the molecular mechanisms behind the sensitivity of rice to alkaline conditions, aiding the development of strategies to mitigate crop yield losses due to soil salinization.