<p>Long term waste water irrigation to crop plants not only affected their growth and productivity but also deteriorated soil health, particularly in water scarce regions. Therefore, a pot study was conducted to evaluate the integrated impact of partial waste water and farm yard manure (FYM) on tomato growth, yield and on soil health indicators. The integrated effect of FYM and wastewater (WW); mixed with canal water (CW) on soil and plant attributes were investigated. The study was comprising of three levels of wastewater (0, 50 and 100% WW) and two levels of FYM (0 and 20 t.ha<sup>−1</sup>) using tomato as a test crop. Growth and yield traits in terms of plant height, average number of fruits per plant, average fruit weight, diameter of fruit, fruit yield per plant were maximum 54.30 cm, 16.37, 41.29 g, 40.56 mm and 546.32 g, respectively under combined application of FYM @ 20 t. ha<sup>−1</sup> + 50% WW + 50% CW when compared with control treatment. While, in case of physiological parameters i.e. photosynthetic rate (36.37 µmol CO<sub>2</sub> m<sup>−2</sup> s<sup>−1</sup>), total chlorophyll content (3.721 mg g<sup>−1</sup> FW), glutathione (256.741 mg kg<sup>−1</sup> FW), Malondialdehyde (16.341 mg kg<sup>−1</sup> FW) showed different behavior with maximum increase in plant physiological attributes. Similarly, uptake of nutrients such as N, P &amp; K by plant shoot (17.69, 8.83, 30.24 mg g<sup>−1</sup>) and fruit (23.61, 11.43, 13.24 mg g<sup>−1</sup>) respectively was also maximum under treatment where FYM and 50%WW + 50% CW was applied in combination. In case of soil health traits and soil enzymes, the combined use of FYM and 50% WW + 50% CW significantly (<i>p</i> ≤ 0.05) increased the microbial biomass carbon (MBC) (503.23 mg kg<sup>−1</sup>), microbial biomass nitrogen (MBN) (47.82 mg kg<sup>−1</sup>), microbial biomass phosphorous (MBP) (28.53 mg kg<sup>−1</sup>), urease activity (UA) (68.79 μg NH<sub>4</sub><sup>+</sup>—N g<sup>−1</sup> soil h<sup>−1</sup>) β-glucosidase activity (β-Glu-A) (247.13 μg PNP g<sup>−1</sup> soil h<sup>−1</sup>), Dehydrogenase activity (DHA) (89.32 μg TPF g<sup>−1</sup> soil h<sup>−1</sup>), Phosphomonoestrase activity (PMAA) (60.27 μg PNP g<sup>−1</sup> soil h<sup>−1</sup>) over control. Thus, the combined application of FYM and 50% WW + 50% CW was capable to significantly improve the tomato growth, yield and soil enzymes activity.</p>

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Combined Impact of Waste Water and Farm Yard Manure on Growth of Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) and Soil Health: A Sustainable Agriculture Approach

  • Arsalan Saghir,
  • Muhammad Sohail Akram,
  • Shahzad Ali,
  • Shahla Rashid,
  • Muhammad Ajmal Farhad,
  • Hafiz Muhammad Tayyab Khan,
  • Syed Ayyaz javed,
  • Mohammad Raish,
  • Muhammad Khubaib

摘要

Long term waste water irrigation to crop plants not only affected their growth and productivity but also deteriorated soil health, particularly in water scarce regions. Therefore, a pot study was conducted to evaluate the integrated impact of partial waste water and farm yard manure (FYM) on tomato growth, yield and on soil health indicators. The integrated effect of FYM and wastewater (WW); mixed with canal water (CW) on soil and plant attributes were investigated. The study was comprising of three levels of wastewater (0, 50 and 100% WW) and two levels of FYM (0 and 20 t.ha−1) using tomato as a test crop. Growth and yield traits in terms of plant height, average number of fruits per plant, average fruit weight, diameter of fruit, fruit yield per plant were maximum 54.30 cm, 16.37, 41.29 g, 40.56 mm and 546.32 g, respectively under combined application of FYM @ 20 t. ha−1 + 50% WW + 50% CW when compared with control treatment. While, in case of physiological parameters i.e. photosynthetic rate (36.37 µmol CO2 m−2 s−1), total chlorophyll content (3.721 mg g−1 FW), glutathione (256.741 mg kg−1 FW), Malondialdehyde (16.341 mg kg−1 FW) showed different behavior with maximum increase in plant physiological attributes. Similarly, uptake of nutrients such as N, P & K by plant shoot (17.69, 8.83, 30.24 mg g−1) and fruit (23.61, 11.43, 13.24 mg g−1) respectively was also maximum under treatment where FYM and 50%WW + 50% CW was applied in combination. In case of soil health traits and soil enzymes, the combined use of FYM and 50% WW + 50% CW significantly (p ≤ 0.05) increased the microbial biomass carbon (MBC) (503.23 mg kg−1), microbial biomass nitrogen (MBN) (47.82 mg kg−1), microbial biomass phosphorous (MBP) (28.53 mg kg−1), urease activity (UA) (68.79 μg NH4+—N g−1 soil h−1) β-glucosidase activity (β-Glu-A) (247.13 μg PNP g−1 soil h−1), Dehydrogenase activity (DHA) (89.32 μg TPF g−1 soil h−1), Phosphomonoestrase activity (PMAA) (60.27 μg PNP g−1 soil h−1) over control. Thus, the combined application of FYM and 50% WW + 50% CW was capable to significantly improve the tomato growth, yield and soil enzymes activity.