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<p>Soil organic carbon&#xa0;(SOC) and soil total nitrogen (STN) are two crucial indicators of soil fertility and quality in a forest ecosystem. The productivity of plants and the stability of terrestrial ecosystems are primarily influenced by the processes of C and N cycling. Therefore, accurately understanding the spatial distribution patterns and driving factors of SOC, STN and C:N ratio were prominent for precise fertilization and effective ecological management. In this study, a total of 200 topsoil samples (0–20&#xa0;cm in depth) were collected from the hickory plantations in Zhejiang Province of southeastern China. The spatial patterns and influencing factors of SOC, STN and C:N ratio were analyzed by traditional analysis, geostatistics, correlation analysis, random forest (RF) model and structural equation model (SEM). The results showed that the average concentration of SOC, STN and C:N ratio were 21.66&#xa0;g·kg<sup>−1</sup>, 2.14&#xa0;g·kg<sup>−1</sup> and 10.29, respectively, and their coefficients of variation were 39.61%, 35.51% and 30.61%, respectively, suggesting a moderate level of variability. The semi-variance results indicated that the nugget/sill values of SOC, STN were 45.41%, 51.64%, respectively, demonstrating a moderate level of spatial autocorrelation. The spatial distribution results showed that SOC and TN in this study decreased from northwest to southeast, which was similar to topography. The results of correlation analyses demonstrated that available nitrogen (AN) was markedly correlated with research indicators in this study (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.05), and the terrain factors as a critical effect on SOC and STN. The results of random forest and structural equation model proved that the main driving factors of SOC, STN and C:N ratio were weeding method, topographic factors (altitude) and climate factors (mean annual temperature). This study provides valuable information for evaluating soil carbon and nitrogen pools, which could maintain sustainable forest and environment management in subtropical plantation ecosystems.</p> Graphical Abstract <p>The graphical abstract was added as an individual jpg file.</p> <p></p>

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Spatial Variability and Influencing Factors of Soil Organic Carbon, Soil Total Nitrogen and C:N Ratio in Chinese Hickory Plantations of Southeastern China

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年3月5日

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  • Ying He,
  • Bo Wu,
  • Chaoxian Wang,
  • Yuyou Zhi,
  • Yajie Shi,
  • Weijun Fu,
  • Yong Zhang

摘要

Soil organic carbon (SOC) and soil total nitrogen (STN) are two crucial indicators of soil fertility and quality in a forest ecosystem. The productivity of plants and the stability of terrestrial ecosystems are primarily influenced by the processes of C and N cycling. Therefore, accurately understanding the spatial distribution patterns and driving factors of SOC, STN and C:N ratio were prominent for precise fertilization and effective ecological management. In this study, a total of 200 topsoil samples (0–20 cm in depth) were collected from the hickory plantations in Zhejiang Province of southeastern China. The spatial patterns and influencing factors of SOC, STN and C:N ratio were analyzed by traditional analysis, geostatistics, correlation analysis, random forest (RF) model and structural equation model (SEM). The results showed that the average concentration of SOC, STN and C:N ratio were 21.66 g·kg−1, 2.14 g·kg−1 and 10.29, respectively, and their coefficients of variation were 39.61%, 35.51% and 30.61%, respectively, suggesting a moderate level of variability. The semi-variance results indicated that the nugget/sill values of SOC, STN were 45.41%, 51.64%, respectively, demonstrating a moderate level of spatial autocorrelation. The spatial distribution results showed that SOC and TN in this study decreased from northwest to southeast, which was similar to topography. The results of correlation analyses demonstrated that available nitrogen (AN) was markedly correlated with research indicators in this study (p < 0.05), and the terrain factors as a critical effect on SOC and STN. The results of random forest and structural equation model proved that the main driving factors of SOC, STN and C:N ratio were weeding method, topographic factors (altitude) and climate factors (mean annual temperature). This study provides valuable information for evaluating soil carbon and nitrogen pools, which could maintain sustainable forest and environment management in subtropical plantation ecosystems.

Graphical Abstract

The graphical abstract was added as an individual jpg file.