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<p>Water scarcity, driven by climate change, is increasingly affecting global crop production. While individual application of silicon (Si) and plant growth regulators (PGRs) can alleviate drought stress, their combined use may further enhance drought tolerance. This study investigates the effects of exogenous Si (soil application) and PGRs (foliar spray) on okra growth, yield, and physio-biochemical traits under water-deficit conditions. A factorial pot experiment was conducted in a completely randomized design with three factors: two soil-applied soluble Si doses (0 and 60 kg ha<sup>–1</sup> as monosilicic acid), four types of PGRs (control, 6-benzyladenine at 100 mg L<sup>–1</sup>, naphthalene acetic acid at 40 mg L<sup>–1</sup>, and salicylic acid [SA] at 2 mM), applied to the leaf surface during the vegetative, flowering, and pod development stages, and three soil water levels (50%, 75%, and 100% field capacity [FC]). Reducing soil moisture from 100 to 50% FC caused notable declines in leaf area (60%), root dry matter (77%), fruit yield (61%), irrigation water productivity (44%), and net photosynthetic rate (87%). Application of Si at 60 kg ha<sup>–1</sup> improved shoot dry matter by 33% and stomatal conductance by 125%, enhancing fruit yield and other traits. Salicylic acid was the most effective PGR, significantly boosting yield, irrigation water productivity, and photosynthesis. The combined application of Si and SA showed the highest efficacy, improving osmotic adjustment, water status, and photosynthetic efficiency. Integrating Si (60 kg ha<sup>–1</sup>) as a soil amendment and SA (2 mM) as a foliar spray enhances drought tolerance of okra, making this approach ideal for water-scarce environments.</p>

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Morpho-Physiological and Yield Responses of Okra to Exogenous Application of Silicon and Plant Growth Regulators under Drought Stress

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年2月10日

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  • Sainam Udpuay,
  • Hayat Ullah,
  • Sushil Kumar Himanshu,
  • Pedro García‐Caparrós,
  • Patchara Praseartkul,
  • Rujira Tisarum,
  • Suriyan Cha-um,
  • Avishek Datta

摘要

Water scarcity, driven by climate change, is increasingly affecting global crop production. While individual application of silicon (Si) and plant growth regulators (PGRs) can alleviate drought stress, their combined use may further enhance drought tolerance. This study investigates the effects of exogenous Si (soil application) and PGRs (foliar spray) on okra growth, yield, and physio-biochemical traits under water-deficit conditions. A factorial pot experiment was conducted in a completely randomized design with three factors: two soil-applied soluble Si doses (0 and 60 kg ha–1 as monosilicic acid), four types of PGRs (control, 6-benzyladenine at 100 mg L–1, naphthalene acetic acid at 40 mg L–1, and salicylic acid [SA] at 2 mM), applied to the leaf surface during the vegetative, flowering, and pod development stages, and three soil water levels (50%, 75%, and 100% field capacity [FC]). Reducing soil moisture from 100 to 50% FC caused notable declines in leaf area (60%), root dry matter (77%), fruit yield (61%), irrigation water productivity (44%), and net photosynthetic rate (87%). Application of Si at 60 kg ha–1 improved shoot dry matter by 33% and stomatal conductance by 125%, enhancing fruit yield and other traits. Salicylic acid was the most effective PGR, significantly boosting yield, irrigation water productivity, and photosynthesis. The combined application of Si and SA showed the highest efficacy, improving osmotic adjustment, water status, and photosynthetic efficiency. Integrating Si (60 kg ha–1) as a soil amendment and SA (2 mM) as a foliar spray enhances drought tolerance of okra, making this approach ideal for water-scarce environments.