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Abstract <p>The macrozone of northern Chile represents a geographical area of the country where agricultural development is significantly constrained by the salinity and boron conditions of the soils and irrigation water, which are imposed by the Atacama Desert. The maize variety Capia Blanco, classified as “ancestral/native”, demonstrate tolerance to excess boron in irrigation water and is a source of maize cobs (choclos) in the region.&#xa0;This study determined the expression of genes encoding putative <i>BOR1</i> and <i>BOR2</i> proteins under conditions of high boron (B) concentrations in two native maize varieties, Capia Blanco and Diente de Caballo. Boron content was determined and the gene expression profiles of the boron transporters (<i>ZmBOR1</i> and <i>ZmBOR2</i>) in leaf tissue were determined by qRT‒PCR analysis.&#xa0;The results show that Capia Blanco has less boron in its leaves than sensitive maize when exposed to 60 mg L<sup>−1</sup> boron for 29 days. This is because it does not have the <i>ZmBOR2</i> gene, which is expressed under high boron stress.&#xa0;The native variety Capia Blanco develops an avoidance strategy during the first 0.125 days (3&#xa0;h) at the leaf level when exposed to excess boron, which allows it to survive high doses of boron in irrigation water. We propose that this maize native cultivar is tolerant to excess B, most likely through genetic regulation (mainly negative) of B transport in plant organs.</p>

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Leaf Gene Expression in Response to Boron Toxicity in Native Maize (Zea mays L.) Cultivars

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年2月4日

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  • Mirko J. Ortiz,
  • José Delatorre-Herrera,
  • Juan Pablo Rodriguez Calle,
  • Gerzon Moreno,
  • Javier Palacios,
  • Camila Molina,
  • Víctor Espinoza,
  • Cristopher Low-Pfeng,
  • José Delatorre-Castillo,
  • Isabel Sepúlveda-Soto

摘要

Abstract

The macrozone of northern Chile represents a geographical area of the country where agricultural development is significantly constrained by the salinity and boron conditions of the soils and irrigation water, which are imposed by the Atacama Desert. The maize variety Capia Blanco, classified as “ancestral/native”, demonstrate tolerance to excess boron in irrigation water and is a source of maize cobs (choclos) in the region. This study determined the expression of genes encoding putative BOR1 and BOR2 proteins under conditions of high boron (B) concentrations in two native maize varieties, Capia Blanco and Diente de Caballo. Boron content was determined and the gene expression profiles of the boron transporters (ZmBOR1 and ZmBOR2) in leaf tissue were determined by qRT‒PCR analysis. The results show that Capia Blanco has less boron in its leaves than sensitive maize when exposed to 60 mg L−1 boron for 29 days. This is because it does not have the ZmBOR2 gene, which is expressed under high boron stress. The native variety Capia Blanco develops an avoidance strategy during the first 0.125 days (3 h) at the leaf level when exposed to excess boron, which allows it to survive high doses of boron in irrigation water. We propose that this maize native cultivar is tolerant to excess B, most likely through genetic regulation (mainly negative) of B transport in plant organs.