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<p>Thai sacbrood virus (TSBV) is a widespread pathogen infecting <i>Apis cerana indica</i> F. colonies, causing significant brood damage and pupation failure across Asian countries. However, limited studies have explored the role of climatic factors in influencing TSBV incidence. The present study investigated the prevalence and seasonal patterns of TSBV in <i>A. cerana</i> colonies across three districts of the Western Ghats, Karnataka, India, during 2022–2023. Surveys were conducted in 13 apiaries, covering 1375 colonies, with symptomatic colonies identified by characteristic sac-like prepupae and brood discoloration. Molecular confirmation of TSBV was achieved through RT-PCR assays targeting two genomic regions, producing amplicons of 487&#xa0;bp and 597&#xa0;bp. Infection incidence ranged from 0 to 62.5%, with the highest rates in Dakshina Kannada and Uttara Kannada districts. Seasonal trends showed two distinct infection peaks, one during summer and another post-monsoon. Correlation and multiple regression analyses were performed to examine the relationship between disease incidence and weather parameters. A consistent positive correlation was found with temperature, while rainfall and relative humidity showed negative associations. However, regression analysis revealed statistically significant associations (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.05) only in Hassan district, with no significant relationships detected in Dakshina Kannada and Uttara Kannada. The findings highlight the influence of climatic drivers on TSBV outbreaks and emphasize the need for continuous monitoring and multi-seasonal studies. This information is vital for early warning, risk assessment, and the formulation of effective management strategies to protect beekeeping livelihoods in the Western Ghats.</p>

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Influence of climatic drivers on the incidence of Thai sac brood virus (TSBV) in Apis cerana indica F. in the Western Ghats region of India

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年4月29日

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  • VM Chethan,
  • AN Shylesha,
  • MN Harish,
  • K Aditya,
  • S Ruqiya,
  • KT Vijayakumar,
  • P Jagdeesh,
  • KT Shivakumara,
  • C Manjunatha

摘要

Thai sacbrood virus (TSBV) is a widespread pathogen infecting Apis cerana indica F. colonies, causing significant brood damage and pupation failure across Asian countries. However, limited studies have explored the role of climatic factors in influencing TSBV incidence. The present study investigated the prevalence and seasonal patterns of TSBV in A. cerana colonies across three districts of the Western Ghats, Karnataka, India, during 2022–2023. Surveys were conducted in 13 apiaries, covering 1375 colonies, with symptomatic colonies identified by characteristic sac-like prepupae and brood discoloration. Molecular confirmation of TSBV was achieved through RT-PCR assays targeting two genomic regions, producing amplicons of 487 bp and 597 bp. Infection incidence ranged from 0 to 62.5%, with the highest rates in Dakshina Kannada and Uttara Kannada districts. Seasonal trends showed two distinct infection peaks, one during summer and another post-monsoon. Correlation and multiple regression analyses were performed to examine the relationship between disease incidence and weather parameters. A consistent positive correlation was found with temperature, while rainfall and relative humidity showed negative associations. However, regression analysis revealed statistically significant associations (p < 0.05) only in Hassan district, with no significant relationships detected in Dakshina Kannada and Uttara Kannada. The findings highlight the influence of climatic drivers on TSBV outbreaks and emphasize the need for continuous monitoring and multi-seasonal studies. This information is vital for early warning, risk assessment, and the formulation of effective management strategies to protect beekeeping livelihoods in the Western Ghats.