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<p>The Russian wheat aphid (<i>Diuraphis noxia</i>) is a major pest constraining wheat production in Ethiopia. This study evaluated seven Ethiopian wheat cultivars under controlled laboratory conditions to characterize resistance mechanisms including, antibiosis, antixenosis, and tolerance against <i>D. noxia</i>. Five bread wheat (<i>Triticum aestivum</i>) cultivars (Kakaba, Dashen, Danda’a, Digalu, and Tosa) and two durum wheat (<i>T. turgidum</i> ssp. <i>durum</i>) cultivars (Cocorit 71 and Robe) were assessed. Antibiosis was evaluated using aphid life-table parameters, antixenosis through free-choice assays, and tolerance by comparing plant performance under infested and non-infested conditions. Significant varietal differences were detected across all resistance mechanisms. Dashen and Digalu expressed strong antibiosis, evidenced by significantly reduced fecundity (32.8 ± 6.5 and 36.9 ± 5.6 nymphs per female, respectively) and reduced aphid survival (35% and 38%), indicating unfavorable host effects on aphid survival and reproduction. Antixenosis responses became evident after 72&#xa0;h, with Dashen, and to a lesser extent Cocorit 71 and Danda’a, supporting significantly fewer aphids than the susceptible cultivar Kakaba. In terms of tolerance, Cocorit 71 and Tosa maintained higher regrowth heights (34.7 ± 5.5&#xa0;cm and 37.1 ± 6.8&#xa0;cm) and tolerance indices (92.4 and 84.4), reflecting strong compensatory growth following infestation. Overall, Dashen and Digalu exhibit pronounced antibiosis, Dashen shows strong antixenosis, and Cocorit 71 and Tosa display superior tolerance, highlighting these cultivars as valuable genetic resources for breeding and integrated pest management strategies against <i>D. noxia</i> in Ethiopia.</p>

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Resistance mechanisms and laboratory performance of Ethiopian durum and bread wheat cultivars against the Russian wheat aphid (Diuraphis noxia) (Hemiptera: Aphididae)

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年4月22日

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  • Geteneh Mitku Chekol

摘要

The Russian wheat aphid (Diuraphis noxia) is a major pest constraining wheat production in Ethiopia. This study evaluated seven Ethiopian wheat cultivars under controlled laboratory conditions to characterize resistance mechanisms including, antibiosis, antixenosis, and tolerance against D. noxia. Five bread wheat (Triticum aestivum) cultivars (Kakaba, Dashen, Danda’a, Digalu, and Tosa) and two durum wheat (T. turgidum ssp. durum) cultivars (Cocorit 71 and Robe) were assessed. Antibiosis was evaluated using aphid life-table parameters, antixenosis through free-choice assays, and tolerance by comparing plant performance under infested and non-infested conditions. Significant varietal differences were detected across all resistance mechanisms. Dashen and Digalu expressed strong antibiosis, evidenced by significantly reduced fecundity (32.8 ± 6.5 and 36.9 ± 5.6 nymphs per female, respectively) and reduced aphid survival (35% and 38%), indicating unfavorable host effects on aphid survival and reproduction. Antixenosis responses became evident after 72 h, with Dashen, and to a lesser extent Cocorit 71 and Danda’a, supporting significantly fewer aphids than the susceptible cultivar Kakaba. In terms of tolerance, Cocorit 71 and Tosa maintained higher regrowth heights (34.7 ± 5.5 cm and 37.1 ± 6.8 cm) and tolerance indices (92.4 and 84.4), reflecting strong compensatory growth following infestation. Overall, Dashen and Digalu exhibit pronounced antibiosis, Dashen shows strong antixenosis, and Cocorit 71 and Tosa display superior tolerance, highlighting these cultivars as valuable genetic resources for breeding and integrated pest management strategies against D. noxia in Ethiopia.