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<p>This study examines the cuticular hydrocarbon (CHC) profiles of <i>Bactrocera dorsalis</i>, an invasive fruit fly pest, across four agro-ecological zones in Ghana: Coastal Savannah, Forest, Transition, and Guinea Savannah. Samples were collected in June - July 2018 during the major mango fruiting season in Ghana. Using Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS), a total of 54 hydrocarbons comprising both saturated and unsaturated compounds were identified. While most CHCs were shared across the agro-ecological zones, seven hydrocarbons were found exclusively in samples from the Coastal Savannah. Data visualization through a heat map, Principal Component Analysis (PCA), and t-distributed stochastic neighbour embedding (t-SNE) revealed distinct clustering patterns, indicating chemical differentiation aligned with ecological origins. A dendrogram further reveals the structuring of samples along Agro-ecological zones gradient. These findings suggest that CHC profiles are influenced by local environmental factors and may serve as reliable biochemical markers for distinguishing <i>B. dorsalis</i> populations. This study underscores the potential for CHC based approaches in developing targeted, ecological zone-specific pest management strategies. Future research should explore the functional significance of individual hydrocarbons and their role in adaptation and intra-species communication.</p>

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Cuticular hydrocarbon profiles of Bactrocera dorsalis in Ghana: insights into population structure

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年4月15日

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  • Ekene Kwabena Nwaefuna,
  • Isaac Kwame Badu,
  • Francis Dzabeng,
  • Peter Basepa Ketting,
  • Rofela Combey,
  • Alexander Egir-Yawson

摘要

This study examines the cuticular hydrocarbon (CHC) profiles of Bactrocera dorsalis, an invasive fruit fly pest, across four agro-ecological zones in Ghana: Coastal Savannah, Forest, Transition, and Guinea Savannah. Samples were collected in June - July 2018 during the major mango fruiting season in Ghana. Using Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS), a total of 54 hydrocarbons comprising both saturated and unsaturated compounds were identified. While most CHCs were shared across the agro-ecological zones, seven hydrocarbons were found exclusively in samples from the Coastal Savannah. Data visualization through a heat map, Principal Component Analysis (PCA), and t-distributed stochastic neighbour embedding (t-SNE) revealed distinct clustering patterns, indicating chemical differentiation aligned with ecological origins. A dendrogram further reveals the structuring of samples along Agro-ecological zones gradient. These findings suggest that CHC profiles are influenced by local environmental factors and may serve as reliable biochemical markers for distinguishing B. dorsalis populations. This study underscores the potential for CHC based approaches in developing targeted, ecological zone-specific pest management strategies. Future research should explore the functional significance of individual hydrocarbons and their role in adaptation and intra-species communication.